Bibliography for HIST30028: Genocide in the Twentieth Century and Beyond (Level H Lecture Response Unit)

[1]
Mark Levene, ‘Why Is the Twentieth Century the Century of Genocide?’, Journal of World History, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 305–336, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20078852?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[2]
R. Gutman, D. Rieff, A. G. Dworkin, and S. A. Mendez, Eds., Crimes of war: what the public should know, Revised and Expanded edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

[3]
L. Kuper, ‘Theories’, in Genocide, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981, pp. 40–56.

[4]
R. Lemkin, Axis rule in occupied Europe: laws of occupation, analysis of government, proposals for redress. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1944.

[5]
M. Lippman, ‘A road map to the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime Genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 177–195, Jun. 2002, doi: 10.1080/14623520220137958.

[6]
D. M. Segesser and M. Gessler, ‘Raphael Lemkin and the international debate on the punishment of war crimes (1919–1948)’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 453–468, Dec. 2005, doi: 10.1080/14623520500349902.

[7]
W. Schabas, ‘The Genocide Convention at Fifty | United States Institute of Peace’ [Online]. Available: https://www.usip.org/publications/1999/01/genocide-convention-fifty

[8]
S. Power, A problem from hell: America and the age of genocide. New York: Basic Books, 2013.

[9]
A. Curthoys and J. Docker, ‘Defining Genocide’, in The historiography of the Holocaust, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=43799&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth

[10]
A. Dirk Moses, ‘Raphael Lemkin, Culture and the Concept of Genocide’, in The Oxford handbook of genocide studies, vol. Oxford handbooks, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001

[11]
P. Boghossian, ‘The concept of genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 12, no. 1–2, pp. 69–80, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.1080/14623528.2010.515402.

[12]
L. May, Genocide: A Normative Account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807428

[13]
F. Chalk, ‘Redefining Genocide’, in Genocide: conceptual and historical dimensions, vol. Pennsylvania studies in human rights, Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

[14]
I. W. Charny, ‘Toward a Generic Definition of Genocide’, in Genocide: conceptual and historical dimensions, vol. Pennsylvania studies in human rights, Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

[15]
C. P. Scherrer, ‘Towards a theory of modern genocide. Comparative genocide research: Definitions, criteria, typologies, cases, key elements, patterns and voids’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13–23, Mar. 1999, doi: 10.1080/14623529908413932.

[16]
D. Moshman, ‘Conceptual constraints on thinking about genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 431–450, Nov. 2001, doi: 10.1080/14623520120097224.

[17]
U. Makino, ‘Final solutions, crimes against mankind: On the genesis and criticism of the concept of genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49–73, Mar. 2001, doi: 10.1080/14623520120037707.

[18]
S. Straus, ‘Contested meanings and conflicting imperatives: A conceptual analysis of genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 349–375, Nov. 2001, doi: 10.1080/14623520120097189.

[19]
H. R. Huttenbach, ‘From the Editor: Towards a conceptual definition of Genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 167–175, Jun. 2002, doi: 10.1080/14623520220137949.

[20]
Johannes Morsink, ‘Cultural Genocide, the Universal Declaration, and Minority Rights’, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1009–1060, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/762755?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[21]
Van Schaack, B., ‘The Crime of Political Genocide: Repairing the Genocide Convention’s Blind Spot’, Yale Law Journal, vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 2259–2292, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/ylr106&id=2277

[22]
R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, ‘The Study of Mass Murder and Genocide’, in The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective, R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 3–20 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[23]
E. D. Weitz, ‘Chapter’, in A century of genocide: utopias of race and nation, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003, pp. 8–15 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=457938

[24]
T. Dedering, ‘“A Certain Rigorous Treatment of All Parts of the Nation”: The Annihilation of the Herero in German South West Africa, 1904’, in The massacre in history, vol. War and genocide, New York: Berghahn, 1999, pp. 205–222.

[25]
I. V. Hull, ‘Military Culture and the Production of "Final Solutions’, in The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective, R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 141–162 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[26]
J. Zimmerer, ‘Colonial Genocide: The Herero and Nama War (1904-8) in German South West Africa and its Significance’, in The historiography of genocide, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=736039

[27]
J. Sarkin, Germany’s Genocide of the Herero: Kaiser Wilhelm II, His General, His Settlers, His Soldiers. Woodbridge: Boydell and amp, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt81sgv

[28]
D. Olusoga and C. W. Erichsen, The Kaiser’s Holocaust: Germany’s forgotten genocide. London: Faber, 2011.

[29]
J.-B. Gewald, Herero heroes: a socio-political history of the Herero of Namibia, 1890-1923. Oxford: James Currey, 1999.

[30]
H. Lehmann and H. Wellenreuther, German and American nationalism: a comparative perspective, vol. Germany and the United States of America : The Krefeld historical symposia. Oxford: Berg, 1999.

[31]
I. V. Hull, Absolute destruction: military culture and the practices of war in Imperial Germany, Cornell pbk. ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006.

[32]
B. Madley, ‘From Africa to Auschwitz: How German South West Africa Incubated Ideas and Methods Adopted and Developed by the Nazis in Eastern Europe’, European History Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 429–464, Jul. 2005, doi: 10.1177/0265691405054218.

[33]
H. W. Smith, ‘The Talk of Genocide, the Rhetoric of Miscegenation: Notes on Debates in the German Reichstag Concerning Southwest Africa, 1904-14’, in The Imperialist imagination: German colonialism and its legacy, vol. Social history, popular culture, and politics in Germany, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.

[34]
J.-U. GUETTEL, ‘FROM THE FRONTIER TO GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA: GERMAN COLONIALISM, INDIANS, AND AMERICAN WESTWARD EXPANSION’, Modern Intellectual History, vol. 7, no. 03, pp. 523–552, Nov. 2010, doi: 10.1017/S1479244310000223.

[35]
H. Bley, ‘Social Discord in South West Africa, 1894-1904’, in Britain and Germany in Africa: imperial rivalry and colonial rule, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1967.

[36]
H. Drechsler, Let us die fighting: the struggle of the Herero and Nama against German imperialism, 1884-1915, vol. Africa series. London: Zed Press, 1980.

[37]
J. M. Bridgman, The revolt of the Hereros, vol. Perspectives on Southern Africa. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1981.

[38]
H. Stoecker, German imperialism in Africa: from the beginnings until the Second World War. London: Hurst, 1986.

[39]
W. D. Smith, The German colonial empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978.

[40]
Kenneth Mackenzie, ‘Some British Reactions to German Colonial Methods, 1885-1907’, The Historical Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 165–175, 1974 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638339?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[41]
K. O. Poewe, The Namibian Herero: a history of their psychosocial disintegration and survival, vol. African studies. Lewiston, N.Y., USA: E. Mellen Press, 1985.

[42]
L. Förster, ‘From `General Field Marshal’ To `Miss Genocide’’, Journal of Material Culture, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 175–194, Jul. 2008, doi: 10.1177/1359183508090898.

[43]
M. Davis, Late Victorian holocausts: El Niño famines and the making of the Third World. London: Verso, 2001.

[44]
H. Arendt, The origins of totalitarianism, New [ie.5th] ed., vol. A Harvest book. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973.

[45]
A. D. Moses, Ed., Empire, colony, genocide: conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history, vol. Studies on war and genocide. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

[46]
P. Brantlinger, Dark vanishings: discourse on the extinction of primitive races, 1800-1930. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003.

[47]
G. Jahoda, Images of savages: ancient roots of modern prejudice in Western culture. London: Routledge, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=4186288

[48]
R. Bartra, Wild men in the looking glass: the mythic origins of European otherness. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.

[49]
C. J. Rawson, God, Gulliver, and genocide: barbarism and the European imagination, 1492-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

[50]
V. G. Kiernan, The lords of human kind: European attitudes towards the outside world in the imperial age. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969.

[51]
T. Barta, ‘Mr Darwin’s shooters: on natural selection and the naturalizing of genocide’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 116–137, Jun. 2005, doi: 10.1080/00313220500106170.

[52]
A. Hochschild, King Leopold’s ghost: a story of greed, terror, and heroism in colonial Africa. London: Pan, 2002.

[53]
P. Wolfe, ‘Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 387–409, Dec. 2006, doi: 10.1080/14623520601056240.

[54]
M. Ewans and Askews and Holts, European atrocity, African catastrophe: Leopold II, the Congo Free State and its aftermath. London: Routledge, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781317849087

[55]
A. Palmer, Colonial genocide. Adelaide: Crawford House, 2000.

[56]
A. Palmer, ‘Colonial and modern genocide: explanations and categories’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 89–115, Jan. 1998, doi: 10.1080/014198798330115.

[57]
‘Patterns of Prejudice: Vol 39, No 2’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rpop20/39/2?nav=tocList

[58]
A. W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900, 2nd ed., vol. Canto Classics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316424032

[59]
‘Goodbye, Yosemite. Hello, What? - NYTimes.com’. [Online]. Available: https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/09/02/opinion/sunday/goodbye-yosemite-hello-what.html?referer=https://t.co/2ZyLUcjJWX?amp=1

[60]
J. Winter, ‘Under Cover of War: The Armenian Genocide in the Context of Total War’, in The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective, R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 189–214 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[61]
H. Kaiser, ‘Genocide at the Twilight of the Ottoman Empire’, in The Oxford handbook of genocide studies, vol. Oxford handbooks, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001

[62]
Donald Bloxham, ‘The Armenian Genocide of 1915-1916: Cumulative Radicalization and the Development of a Destruction Policy’, Past & Present, no. 181, pp. 141–191, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3600788?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[63]
H. Walser Smith et al., ‘The Armenian Genocide’, in The Holocaust and other genocides: history, representation, ethics, H. W. Smith and W. J. Booth, Eds. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2002, pp. 149–178.

[64]
‘Armenian National Institute’. [Online]. Available: http://www.armenian-genocide.org/

[65]
D. Bloxham and F. Müge Göçek, ‘The Armenian Genocide’, in The historiography of genocide, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=736039

[66]
D. Bloxham, The great game of genocide: imperialism, nationalism, and the destruction of the Ottoman Armenians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273560.001.0001

[67]
D. Bloxham, Genocide on trial: war crimes trials and the formation of Holocaust history and memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9780191543357

[68]
D. Bloxham, ‘Three imperialisms and a Turkish nationalism: international stresses, imperial disintegration and the Armenian genocide’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 37–58, Oct. 2002, doi: 10.1080/003132202128811547.

[69]
T. Akȧm, From empire to republic: Turkish nationalism and the Armenian genocide. London: Zed, 2004 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=332897

[70]
T. Akçam, A shameful act: the Armenian genocide and the question of Turkish responsibility. London: Constable, 2007.

[71]
R. G. Suny, F. M. Göçek, and N. M. Naimark, A question of genocide: Armenians and Turks at the end of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195393743.001.0001

[72]
H. Kaiser, ‘Regional resistance to central government policies: Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the governors of Aleppo, and Armenian deportees in the spring and summer of 1915’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 12, no. 3–4, pp. 173–218, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1080/14623528.2010.528999.

[73]
M. Levene, ‘Creating a Modern “Zone of Genocide”: The Impact of Nation- and State-Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878-1923’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 393–433, Jan. 1998, doi: 10.1093/hgs/12.3.393.

[74]
M. Levene, ‘The Experience of Genocide: Armenia 1915-16 and Romania 1941-42’, in Der Völkermord an Den Armeniern Und Die Shoahthe Armenian Genocide and the Shoa, Chronos Verlag.

[75]
S. GIBSON, ‘The role of structure and institutions in the genocide of the Rwandan Tutsi and the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 503–522, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1080/1462352032000149477.

[76]
P. Balakian, The burning Tigris: the Armenian genocide and America’s response. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

[77]
G. J. Libaridian, ‘The Ultimate Repression: The Genocide of the Armenians, 1915-1917’, in Genocide and the modern age: etiology and case studies of mass death, 1st Syracuse University Press ed., New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000.

[78]
V. N. Dadrian, ‘The determinants of the Armenian genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65–80, Mar. 1999, doi: 10.1080/14623529908413935.

[79]
N. Cohn, ‘Warrant for genocide: the myth of the Jewish world-conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion’. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1967.

[80]
V. N. Dadrian, The history of the Armenian genocide: ethnic conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus, 6th rev. ed. New York: Berghahn Books, 2008.

[81]
V. N. Dadrian, ‘The Comparative Aspects of the Armenian and Jewish Cases of Genocide: A Sociohistorical Perspective’, in Is the Holocaust unique?: perspectives on comparative genocide, 3rd ed., Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 2009.

[82]
R. G. Hovannisian, Ed., Looking backward, moving forward: confronting the Armenian Genocide. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017 [Online]. Available: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203786994

[83]
R. G. Hovannisian, Remembrance and denial: the case of the Armenian genocide. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999.

[84]
R. G. Hovannisian, The Armenian genocide: history, politics, ethics. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.

[85]
R. G. Hovannisian, The Armenian genocide in perspective. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1986.

[86]
R. G. Hovannisian, ‘Etiology and Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide’, in Genocide: conceptual and historical dimensions, vol. Pennsylvania studies in human rights, Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

[87]
G. S. Graber, Caravans to oblivion: the Armenian genocide, 1915. New York: John Wiley, 1996.

[88]
R. Melson, ‘The Armenian Genocide as Precursor and Prototype of Twentieth-Century Genocide’, in Is the Holocaust unique?: perspectives on comparative genocide, 3rd ed., Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 2009.

[89]
R. Melson, ‘Problems in the Comparison of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust: Definitions, Typologies, Theories, and Fallacies’, in Lessons and legacies: Vol. 4: Reflections on religion, justice, sexuality, and genocide, Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press, 2003.

[90]
R. Melson, Revolution and genocide: on the origins of the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1992.

[91]
Robert Melson, ‘A Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894-1896’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 481–509, 1982 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/178512?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[92]
T. Jørgensen, ‘Turkey, the US and the Armenian Genocide’, in Genocide: cases, comparisons and contemporary debates, vol. 2, S. L. B. Jensen, Ed. København: Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2003.

[93]
A. D. Kirakosi͡an, The Armenian massacres, 1894-1896: U.S. media testimony. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004.

[94]
R. G. Hovannisian, The Armenian genocide: wartime radicalization or premeditated continuum. Somerset, N.J.: Transaction, 2008.

[95]
F. Ulgen, ‘Reading Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on the Armenian genocide of 1915’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 369–391, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1080/0031322X.2010.510719.

[96]
RONALD GRIGOR SUNY, ‘Truth in Telling: Reconciling Realities in the Genocide of the Ottoman Armenians’, The American Historical Review, vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 930–946, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23882939?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Truth&searchText=in&searchText=Telling:&searchText=Reconciling&searchText=Realities&searchText=in&searchText=the&searchText=Genocide&searchText=of&searchText=the&searchText=Ottoman&searchText=Armenians&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fwc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3BQuery%3DTruth%2Bin%2BTelling%253A%2BReconciling%2BRealities%2Bin%2Bthe%2BGenocide%2Bof%2Bthe%2BOttoman%2BArmenians&refreqid=search%3A849cd9326934a95a28246b253d09acab&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[97]
F. Werfel, The forty days. London: MayFair Books, 1934.

[98]
‘“Sherlock Holmes of Armenian Genocide” Uncovers Lost Evidence - The New York Times’. [Online]. Available: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/22/world/europe/armenian-genocide-turkey.html?_r=0

[99]
R. Gellately, ‘The Third Reich, the Holocaust, and Visions of Serial Genocide’, in The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective, R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[100]
Y. Bauer, ‘On the Holocaust and Other Genocides, USHMM 2006, Lecture Series’. [Online]. Available: https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20070215-bauer.pdf

[101]
Y. Bauer, ‘Comparisons with other genocides’, in Rethinking the Holocaust, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001, pp. 39–67 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32bpxv.7

[102]
D. Stone, ‘The historiography of genocide: beyond “uniqueness” and ethnic competition’, Rethinking History, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 127–142, Jan. 2004, doi: 10.1080/13642520410001649769.

[103]
Z. Bauman, ‘Modernity and the Holocaust’, in Genocide: an anthropological reader, vol. Blackwell readers in anthropology, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2002.

[104]
H. Arendt, ‘Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil’, in Genocide: an anthropological reader, vol. Blackwell readers in anthropology, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2002, pp. 91–109.

[105]
D. Dwork and R. J. Van Pelt, Holocaust: a history. London: J. Murray, 2002.

[106]
D. L. Bergen, War and genocide: a concise history of the Holocaust, vol. Critical issues in history. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=4403275

[107]
T. Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books, 2010.

[108]
D. Bloxham, The final solution: a genocide, vol. Oxford histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199550333.001.0001

[109]
U. Herbert, National-Socialist extermination policies: contemporary German perspectives and controversies, vol. War and genocide. New York: Berghahn, 2000.

[110]
G. Aly, ‘Final solution’: Nazi population policy and the murder of the European Jews. London: Arnold, 1999.

[111]
O. Bartov, The Holocaust: origins, implementation, aftermath, vol. Rewriting histories. London: Routledge, 2000.

[112]
M. Berenbaum, A. J. Peck, and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, The Holocaust and history: the known, the unknown, the disputed, and the reexamined. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press, 1998.

[113]
D. Cesarani, The final solution: origins and implementation. London: Routledge, 1994.

[114]
G. Aly, ‘The Planning Intelligentsia and the "Final Solution”’, in Confronting the Nazi past: new debates on modern German history, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996.

[115]
G. Aly and S. Heim, Architects of annihilation: Auschwitz and the logic of destruction. London: Phoenix, 2003.

[116]
O. Bartov, ‘Killing Space: The Final Solution as Population Policy’, in Germany’s war and the Holocaust: disputed histories, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003.

[117]
D. Bloxham and Holocaust Educational Trust, ‘Extermination through work’: Jewish slave labour under the Third Reich, vol. Holocaust Educational Trust research papers. London: Holocaust Educational Trust, 1999.

[118]
M. T. Allen, The business of genocide: the SS, slave labor, and the concentration camps. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

[119]
R. J. Van Pelt and D. Dwork, Auschwitz, 1270 to the present. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

[120]
J. Zimmerer, ‘The birth of the out of the spirit of colonialism: a postcolonial perspective on the Nazi policy of conquest and extermination’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 197–219, Jun. 2005, doi: 10.1080/00313220500106311.

[121]
W. Lower and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Nazi empire-building and the Holocaust in Ukraine. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

[122]
D. Pohl, ‘War, Occupation and the Holocaust in Poland’, in The historiography of the Holocaust, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=43799&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth

[123]
Elizabeth Harvey, ‘“We Forgot All Jews and Poles”: German Women and the “Ethnic Struggle” in Nazi-Occupied Poland’, Contemporary European History, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 447–461, 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20081804?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[124]
M. Burleigh, Germany turns eastwards: a study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

[125]
Doris L. Bergen, ‘The Nazi Concept of “Volksdeutsche” and the Exacerbation of Anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe, 1939-45’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 569–582, 1994 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/260679?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[126]
John Connelly, ‘Nazis and Slavs: From Racial Theory to Racist Practice’, Central European History, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1–33, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4546842?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Central&searchText=European&searchText=History&searchText=Nazis&searchText=and&searchText=Slavs:&searchText=From&searchText=Racial&searchText=Theory&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fprq%3DCentral%2BEuropean%2BHistory%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BQuery%3DCentral%2BEuropean%2BHistory%2BNazis%2Band%2BSlavs%253A%2BFrom%2BRacial%2BTheory%2B%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bacc%3Don&refreqid=search%3A6ff7ee34544f55955816a210c84ce644&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[127]
P. Weindling, ‘Fascism and Population in Comparative European Perspective’, Population and Development Review, vol. 14, 1988, doi: 10.2307/2808092.

[128]
C. Koonz, ‘"More Masculine Men, More Feminine Women”: The Iconography of Nazi Racial Hatreds’’, in Landscaping the human garden: twentieth-century population management in a comparative framework, Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2003.

[129]
S. R. Welch, ‘‘"The Annihilation of Superfluous Eaters”: Nazi Plans for and Uses of Famine in Eastern Europe’, Yale Genocide Studies Program Working Papers, 16 (2001)’. [Online]. Available: http://opus.macmillan.yale.edu/workpaper/pdfs/GS16and17.pdf

[130]
R. Breitman, The architect of genocide: Himmler and the final solution, vol. The Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry series. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1992.

[131]
M. Mazower, Hitler’s empire: Nazi rule in occupied Europe. London: Penguin, 2009.

[132]
K. Hildebrand and A. Fothergill, The foreign policy of the Third Reich. London: Batsford, 1973.

[133]
H. W. Koch, Aspects of the Third Reich. London: Macmillan, 1985.

[134]
Milan Hauner, ‘Did Hitler Want a World Dominion?’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15–32, 1978 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/260090?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[135]
G. Stoakes, Hitler and the quest for world dominion. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1986.

[136]
Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton, ‘The Nazis and the Jews in Occupied Western Europe, 1940-1944’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 687–714, 1982 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1906017?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=The&searchText=Nazis&searchText=and&searchText=the&searchText=Jews&searchText=in&searchText=Occupied&searchText=Europe%27,&searchText=Journal&searchText=of&searchText=Modern&searchText=History&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DThe%2BNazis%2Band%2Bthe%2BJews%2Bin%2BOccupied%2BEurope%25E2%2580%2599%252C%2BJournal%2Bof%2BModern%2BHistory%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bacc%3Don&refreqid=search%3A8cdbb881c80aca7b8ae74a34f187b601&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[137]
J. Steinberg, All or nothing: the Axis and the Holocaust, 1941-1943. London: Routledge, 1990.

[138]
S. Zuccotti, Under his very windows: the Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.

[139]
S. Zuccotti, The Italians and the Holocaust: persecution, rescue, and survival. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.

[140]
R. Ioanid and et al., The Holocaust in Romania: the destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu regime, 1940-1944. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=539721&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth

[141]
R. L. Braham, The destruction of Romanian and Ukrainian Jews during the Antonescu era, vol. East European monographs. Boulder: Social Science Monographs, 1997.

[142]
M. Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece: the experience of occupation, 1941-44. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

[143]
T. Todorov, The fragility of goodness: why Bulgaria’s Jews survived the Holocaust. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University, 2001.

[144]
M. Bar-Zohar, Beyond Hitler’s grasp: the heroic rescue of Bulgaria’s Jews. Holbrook, Mass: Adams, 2001.

[145]
S. Spector, The holocaust of Volhynian Jews, 1941-1944. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1990.

[146]
A. Dallin, German rule in Russia, 1941-1945: a study of occupation policies, 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1980.

[147]
L. Dobroszycki and J. S. Gurock, Eds., The Holocaust in the Soviet Union: studies and sources on the destruction of the Jews in the Nazi-occupied territories of the USSR, 1941-1945. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1993 [Online]. Available: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315288130

[148]
M. R. Marrus and R. O. Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.

[149]
S. Zuccotti, The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews. Lincoln, Neb: University of Nebraska Press, 1999.

[150]
L. de Jong, The Netherlands and Nazi Germany. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1990.

[151]
R. J. Lifton, The Nazi doctors: medical killing and the psychology of genocide : with a new preface by the author. [New York]: Basic Books, 2000.

[152]
E. Bentley and C. Schoch, Resisting genocide: the multiple forms of rescue, vol. The CERI comparative politics and international studies series. Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI), Paris, 2013 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199333493.001.0001

[153]
Y. Bauer, Out of the ashes: the impact of American Jews on post-holocaust European Jewry. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989.

[154]
Y. Bauer, American Jewry And The Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1945. Wayne State University Press, 2017.

[155]
Y. Bauer, Flight and rescue: Brichah. New York: Random House, 1970.

[156]
Y. Bauer, ‘Buczacz and Krzemieniec: The Story of Two Towns During the Holocaust’, Yad Vashem studies, vol. 33, pp. 245–306, 2005.

[157]
M. Berenbaum, ‘The Rescuers. When the ordinary is extraordinary.’, in The Routledge history of the Holocaust, London: Routledge, 2010, pp. 337–347 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=668238

[158]
C. Caruth, Trauma: explorations in memory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.

[159]
M. J. Gilbert, The Righteous: the unsung heroes of the Holocaust. London: Doubleday, 2002.

[160]
E. Fogelman, Conscience & courage: rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. London: Cassell, 1995.

[161]
P. Friedman, Their Brothers Keepers. Nabu Press, 2011.

[162]
A. Grossmann, Jews, Germans, and Allies: close encounters in occupied Germany. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.

[163]
P. P. Hallie, Lest innocent blood be shed: the story of the village of Le Chambon and how goodness happened there, 1st HarperPerennial ed. New York: HarperPerennial, 1994.

[164]
D. Herzog, Brutality and desire: war and sexuality in Europe’s twentieth century, vol. Genders and sexualities in history. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

[165]
Laura Jockusch, ‘"Khurbn Forshung – Jewish Historical Commissions in Europe, 1943-1949”’ [Online]. Available: http://www.academia.edu/1777831/_Khurbn_Forshung_Jewish_Historical_Commissions_in_Europe_1943-1949_

[166]
H. Lavsky, New beginnings: holocaust survivors in Bergen-Belsen and the British zone in Germany, 1945-1950. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2002.

[167]
R. Leys, From guilt to shame: Auschwitz and after, vol. 20/21. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.

[168]
R. Leys, Trauma: a genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

[169]
Z. W. Mankowitz, Life between memory and hope: the survivors of the Holocaust in occupied Germany, vol. Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497100

[170]
S. P. Oliner and P. O. Zylicz, Altruism, intergroup apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation, 1st ed. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, 2008.

[171]
M. Paldiel, The path of the righteous: gentile rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. Hoboken, N.J.: Ktav.

[172]
M. Paldiel, The path of the righteous: gentile rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. Hoboken, N.J.: Ktav.

[173]
E. Bentley and C. Schoch, Resisting genocide: the multiple forms of rescue, vol. The CERI comparative politics and international studies series. Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI), Paris, 2013 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199333493.001.0001

[174]
C. McAllister and D. M. Nelson, ‘Introduction: Aftermath’, in War by other means: aftermath in post-genocide Guatemala, C. McAllister and D. M. Nelson, Eds. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2013 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1603806

[175]
R. Brett, ‘Guatemala’, in How Mass Atrocities End: Studies from Guatemala, Burundi, Indonesia, the Sudans, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Iraq, B. Conley-Zilkic, Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316407578

[176]
G. Grandin, ‘Politics by other means’, in Quiet genocide: Guatemala 1981-1983, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=3410920

[177]
V. Montejo, Testimony: death of a Guatemalan village. Willimantic, Conn: Curbstone Press, 1987.

[178]
E. Martínez Salazar, Global coloniality of power in Guatemala: racism, genocide, citizenship. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014.

[179]
K. Weld, Paper cadavers: the archives of dictatorship in Guatemala, vol. American Encounters/Global Interactions. North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2014 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1647453

[180]
R. L. Brett, The origins and dynamics of genocide: political violence in Guatemala, vol. Rethinking political violence. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=4720083

[181]
D. M. Nelson, Who counts?: the mathematics of death and life after genocide. Durham: Duke University Press, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=4452857

[182]
V. Garrard-Burnett, Terror in the land of the Holy Spirit: Guatemala under General Efraín Ríos Montt, 1982-1983. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379648.001.0001

[183]
A. Cruden, Ed., Genocide and persecution: El Salvador and Guatemala. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, A part of Gale, Cengage Learning, 2013.

[184]
V. Sanford, Buried secrets: truth and human rights in Guatemala. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

[185]
E. D. Weitz, A century of genocide: utopias of race and nation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=457938

[186]
R. Gutman, D. Rieff, A. G. Dworkin, and S. A. Mendez, Eds., Crimes of war: what the public should know, Revised and Expanded edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

[187]
R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds., The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[188]
‘Genocide Studies Program - Yale’. [Online]. Available: http://gsp.yale.edu/

[189]
‘The Digital Archive of Cambodia Holocaust Survivors’. [Online]. Available: http://www.cybercambodia.com/dachs/

[190]
N. Werth, ‘The Crimes of the Stalinist Regime: Outline for an Inventory and Classification’, in The historiography of genocide, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=736039

[191]
T. Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books, 2010.

[192]
N. M. Naimark, Stalin’s genocides, vol. Human rights and crimes against humanity. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=272193&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth

[193]
O. V. Khlevniuk, The history of the Gulag: from collectivization to the great terror, vol. Annals of communism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt5vkt98

[194]
E. D. Weitz, ‘Racial Politics without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and National Purges’, Slavic Review, vol. 61, no. 01, pp. 1–29, 2002, doi: 10.2307/2696978.

[195]
‘Journal of Genocide Research: Vol 11, No 2-3: New Perspectives on Soviet Mass Violence’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjgr20/11/2-3?nav=tocList

[196]
R. Thurston, ‘Stalinism in Context and Perspective: Sources of Permission to Hate in Europe’, in Enlightenment and genocide, contradictions of modernity, vol. Series philosophy&politics, Bruxelles: P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2000.

[197]
P. Holquist, ‘To Count, to Extract, and to Exterminate: Population Statistics and Population Politics in Late Imperial and Soviet Russia’, in A state of nations: empire and nation-making in the age of Lenin and Stalin, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

[198]
N. Werth, ‘A State Against its People: Violence, Repression, and Terror in the Soviet Union’, in The black book of communism: crimes, terror, repression, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1999.

[199]
B. B. Green, ‘Stalinist Terror and the Question of Genocide’, in Is the Holocaust unique?: perspectives on comparative genocide, 3rd ed., Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 2009.

[200]
A. Statiev, ‘Soviet ethnic deportations: intent versus outcome’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 11, no. 2–3, pp. 243–264, Sep. 2009, doi: 10.1080/14623520903118961.

[201]
M. Haynes and R. Husan, A century of state murder?: death and policy in twentieth century Russia. London: Pluto, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781849641579

[202]
A. N. I͡Akovlev, A century of violence in Soviet Russia. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2002.

[203]
Y. Bilinsky, ‘Was the Ukrainian famine of 1932–1933 genocide?’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 147–156, Jun. 1999, doi: 10.1080/14623529908413948.

[204]
H. Hryn, Hunger by design: the great Ukrainian famine and its Soviet context, vol. Harvard papers in Ukrainian studies. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 2009.

[205]
R. Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin’s purge of the thirties, Rev.ed. London: Macmillan, 1973.

[206]
R. Conquest, The harvest of sorrow: Soviet collectivization and the terror-famine. London: Hutchinson, 1986.

[207]
R. Conquest, Stalin: breaker of nations. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1991.

[208]
R. Conquest, Kolyma: the Arctic death camps. London [etc.]: Macmillan, 1978.

[209]
R. Conquest, The Nation killers: the Soviet deportation of nationalities. London: Macmillan, 1970.

[210]
D. Priestland, Stalinism and the politics of mobilization: ideas, power, and terror in inter-war Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

[211]
B. McLoughlin and K. McDermott, Eds., Stalin’s terror: high politics and mass repression in the Soviet Union. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=56515&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth

[212]
S. Fitzpatrick, Stalinism: new directions, vol. Rewriting histories. London: Routledge, 2000.

[213]
R. W. Thurston, Life and terror in Stalin’s Russia, 1934-1941. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt32bw0h

[214]
O. Khlevniuk, ‘The Objectives of the Great Terror, 1937-1938’, in Soviet history, 1917 - 53: essays in honour of R.W. Davies, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1995.

[215]
J. A. Getty and R. T. Manning, Stalinist terror: new perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626012

[216]
J. A. Getty and O. V. Naumov, The road to terror: Stalin and the self-destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932-1939, Updated and Abridged ed., vol. Annals of communism. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2010.

[217]
J. A. Getty, Origins of the great purges: the Soviet Communist Party reconsidered, 1933-1938, vol. Soviet and East European studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511572616

[218]
V. Z. Rogovin, 1937: Stalin’s year of terror. Oak Park, Mich: Mehring Books, 1998.

[219]
Catherine Merridale, ‘The 1937 Census and the Limits of Stalinist Rule’, The Historical Journal, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 225–240, 1996 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639947?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[220]
Alec Nove, ‘How Many Victims in the 1930s?. I’, Soviet Studies, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 369–373, 1990 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/152087?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[221]
Alec Nove, ‘How Many Victims in the 1930s? II’, Soviet Studies, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 811–814, 1990 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/152142?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[222]
J. A. Getty, G. T. Rittersporn, and V. N. Zemskov, ‘Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence’, The American Historical Review, vol. 98, no. 4, Oct. 1993, doi: 10.2307/2166597.

[223]
Stephen G. Wheatcroft, ‘Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data. Not the Last Word’, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 315–345, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/153614?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Victims&searchText=of&searchText=Stalinism&searchText=and&searchText=the&searchText=Soviet&searchText=Secret&searchText=Police:&searchText=The&searchText=Comparability&searchText=and&searchText=Reliability&searchText=of&searchText=the&searchText=Archival&searchText=Data&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fwc%3Don%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3BQuery%3DVictims%2Bof%2BStalinism%2Band%2Bthe%2BSoviet%2BSecret%2BPolice%253A%2BThe%2BComparability%2Band%2BReliability%2Bof%2Bthe%2BArchival%2BData%2B%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff&refreqid=search%3A418551920ded1cb01b9cbfe702dbdbe0&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[224]
T. Martin, ‘The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 813–861, Dec. 1998, doi: 10.1086/235168.

[225]
J. O. Pohl, Ethnic cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949, vol. Contributions to the study of world history. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1999.

[226]
D. L. Hoffmann, Stalinism: the essential readings, vol. Blackwell essential readings in history. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.

[227]
C. Merridale, Night of stone: death and memory in Russia. London: Granta, 2000.

[228]
A. Hochschild, The unquiet ghost: Russians remember Stalin. London: Serpents Tail, 1995.

[229]
H. Dubiel and G. G. H. Motzkin, The lesser evil: moral approaches to genocide practices, vol. Cass series. Totalitarian movements and political religions. London: Frank Cass, 2003.

[230]
V. T. Shalamov, Kolyma tales, vol. Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1994.

[231]
G. Herling-Grudziski, A world apart. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 1996.

[232]
V. S. Grossman, Life and fate. London: Vintage, 2006.

[233]
E. S. Ginzburg, P. Stevenson, and M. Hayward, Journey into the whirlwind. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc, 1967.

[234]
N. Y. Mandel’shtam and M. Hayward, Hope against hope: a memoir, [New ed.]. London: Harvill Press, 1999.

[235]
J. Bardach and K. Gleeson, Man is wolf to man: surviving Stalin’s Gulag. London: Scribner, 2003.

[236]
V. Serge, The case of Comrade Tulayev. London: H. Hamilton, 1951.

[237]
B. Kiernan, ‘Documentation Delayed, Justice Denied: The Historiography of the Cambodian Genocide’, in The historiography of genocide, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=736039

[238]
B. Kiernan, The Pol Pot regime: race, power, and genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79, 3rd ed. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1npbv9

[239]
B. Kiernan, ‘Myth, nationalism and genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 187–206, Jun. 2001, doi: 10.1080/14623520120062402.

[240]
B. Kiernan, ‘The Ethnic Element in the Cambodian Genocide’, in Ethnopolitical warfare: causes, consequences, and possible solutions, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001.

[241]
B. Kiernan, ‘The Cambodian Genocide – 1975-1979’, in Century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts, 3rd ed., New York: Routledge, 2009.

[242]
B. Kiernan, ‘The Cambodian Genocide: Issues and Responses’, in Genocide: conceptual and historical dimensions, vol. Pennsylvania studies in human rights, Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

[243]
B. Kiernan, ‘Genocidal Targeting: The Two Groups of Victims in Pol Pot’s Cambodia’ in State Organized Terror: The Case of Violent Internal Repression’, in State organized terror: the case of violent internal repression, vol. Series on state violence, state terrorism, and human rights, Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1991.

[244]
D. P. Chandler, B. Kiernan, A. Barnett, and Joint Committee on Southeast Asia, Revolution and its aftermath in Kampuchea: eight essays, vol. Monograph series / Yale University Southeast Asia Studies. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1983.

[245]
B. Kiernan, Genocide and resistance in Southeast Asia: documentation, denial & justice in Cambodia & East Timor. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781351517874

[246]
D. P. Chandler, A history of Cambodia. Boulder,Colo: Westview, 1983.

[247]
D. P. Chandler, The tragedy of Cambodian history: politics, war, and revolution since 1945. New Haven, [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 1991.

[248]
P. Short, Pol Pot: the history of a nightmare. London: John Murray, 2004.

[249]
H. J. De Nike, J. B. Quigley, and K. J. Robinson, Genocide in Cambodia: documents from the trial of Pol Pot and Ieng Sary, vol. Pennsylvania studies in human rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.

[250]
H. Locard, Pol Pot’s little red book: the sayings of Angkar. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 2004.

[251]
P. D. P. Chandler and C. Boua, Pol Pot Plans the Future: Confidential Leadership Documents from Democratic Kampuchea, 1976-1977, vol. Yale University Southeast Asian Studies Monograph Series. Yale University Press, 1989.

[252]
D. P. Chandler, Brother number one: a political biography of Pol Pot, Rev. ed. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 2000.

[253]
M. Vickery, Cambodia 1975-1982. Hemel Hempstead: Allen and Unwin in association with South End Press, 1984.

[254]
K. Kiljunen and Kamputsea-tutkimuskomissio (Finland), Kampuchea: decade of the genocide : report of a Finnish inquiry commission, vol. Third world studies. London: Zed Books, 1984.

[255]
C. Etcheson, The rise and demise of Democratic Kampuchea. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.

[256]
W. Shawcross, The quality of mercy: Cambodia, holocaust and modern conscience. London: Deutsch, 1984.

[257]
P. Raszelenberg, ‘The Khmers Rouges and the Final Solution’, History & Memory, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 62–93, Oct. 1999, doi: 10.2979/HIS.1999.11.2.62.

[258]
H. Kamm, Cambodia. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2011.

[259]
S. Becker, When the war is over. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973.

[260]
T. Fawthrop, H. Jarvis, and Askews and Holts, Getting away with genocide: Cambodia’s long struggle against the Khmer Rouge. London: Pluto, 2004 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781849641661

[261]
‘Critical Asian Studies: Vol 34, No 4’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rcra20/34/4?nav=tocList

[262]
Patrick Heuveline, ‘“Between One and Three Million”: Towards the Demographic Reconstruction of a Decade of Cambodian History (1970-79)’, Population Studies, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 49–65, 1998 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2584763?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=(Heuveline,&searchText=%27Between%20One%20and%20Three%20Million:%20Toward%20the%20Demographic%20Reconstruction%20of%20a%20Decade%20of%20Cambodian%20History%27&searchText=)&searchText=AND&searchText=jid:(j100331)&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100331%26amp%3BQuery%3DHeuveline%252C%2B%25E2%2580%2598Between%2BOne%2Band%2BThree%2BMillion%253A%2BToward%2Bthe%2BDemographic%2BReconstruction%2Bof%2Ba%2BDecade%2Bof%2BCambodian%2BHistory%25E2%2580%2599&refreqid=search%3Ac5ef516a945e8468b80b96d6b83a87fc&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[263]
B. Kiernan, ‘The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975-79, and East Timor, 1975-80’, Critical Asian Studies, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 585–597, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1080/1467271032000147041.

[264]
W. Shawcross, Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the destruction of Cambodia, New and rev.Ed. London: Hogarth, 1986.

[265]
B. Kiernan, ‘Roots of Genocide: New Evidence on the US Bombardment of Cambodia | Cultural Survival’ [Online]. Available: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/roots-genocide-new-evidence-us-bombardment-cambodia

[266]
J.-L. Margolin, ‘Asian Communist Regimes: The Other Experience of the Extreme’, in The lesser evil: moral approaches to genocide practices, vol. Cass series. Totalitarian movements and political religions, London: Frank Cass, 2003.

[267]
A. L. Hinton, Why did they kill?: Cambodia in the shadow of genocide, vol. California series in public anthropology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

[268]
A. L. Hinton, ‘Why Did You Kill?: The Cambodian Genocide and the Dark Side of Face and Honor’, The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 57, no. 1, Feb. 1998, doi: 10.2307/2659025.

[269]
S. Straus, ‘Organic purity and the role of anthropology in Cambodia and Rwanda’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 47–62, Apr. 2001, doi: 10.1080/003132201128811142.

[270]
A. L. Hinton, Annihilating difference: the anthropology of genocide, vol. California series in public anthropology. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2002.

[271]
Helen Fein, ‘Revolutionary and Antirevolutionary Genocides: A Comparison of State Murders in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 796–823, 1993 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/179183?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[272]
P. Williams, ‘Witnessing Genocide: Vigilance and Remembrance at Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 234–254, Sep. 2004, doi: 10.1093/hgs/dch063.

[273]
J. Ledgerwood, ‘The Cambodian Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocidal Crimes: National Narrative’, in Genocide, collective violence, and popular memory: the politics of remembrance in the twentieth century, vol. The world beat series, Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 2002.

[274]
R. Hughes, ‘The abject artefacts of memory: photographs from Cambodia’s genocide’, Media, Culture & Society, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 23–44, Jan. 2003, doi: 10.1177/0163443703025001632.

[275]
T. Clayton, ‘Building the New Cambodia: Educational Destruction and Construction under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979’, History of Education Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 1, Spring 1998, doi: 10.2307/369662.

[276]
K. Viviane Frings, ‘Rewriting Cambodian History to “Adapt” It to a New Political Context: The Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Party’s Historiography (1979-1991)’, Modern Asian Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 807–846, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/312846?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[277]
M. A. Martin, Cambodia, a shattered society, Rev. & Updated ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

[278]
D. P. Chandler, Voices from S-21: terror and history in Pol Pot’s secret prison, Thailand and Indochina ed. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 2000.

[279]
Alex Hinton, ‘The Perpetrator, the Victim, and the Witness’, Manoa, vol. 16, no. 1, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4230295?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[280]
J. Man and Pin Yathay, Stay alive, my son, 1st Touchstone ed. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

[281]
S. May and J. Fenton, Cambodian witness: the autobiography of Someth May. London: Faber, 1986.

[282]
K. DePaul and Dith Pran, Children of Cambodia’s killing fields: memoirs by survivors, vol. Yale University. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1997.

[283]
L. Ung, First they killed my father: a daughter of Cambodia remembers, [Revised edition]. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2007.

[284]
J. D. Criddle, To destroy you is no loss: the odyssey of a Cambodian family, 2nd ed. Dixon, Calif: East/West Bridge, 1998.

[285]
H. S. Ngor, R. Warner, and H. S. Ngor, Survival in the killing fields, [New ed.]. London: Robinson, 2003.

[286]
C. Him, When broken glass floats: growing up under the Khmer Rouge. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.

[287]
L. Picq, Beyond the horizon: five years with the Khmer Rouge, 1st ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989.

[288]
J. Swain, River of time. London: Vintage, 1996.

[289]
F. Bizot, The gate. London: Vintage, 2004.

[290]
E. D. Weitz, A century of genocide: utopias of race and nation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=457938

[291]
J. Semelin, ‘Analysis of a Mass Crime: Ethnic Cleansing in the Former Yugoslavia, 1991-1999’, in The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective, R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 353–372 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[292]
R. Gutman, D. Rieff, A. G. Dworkin, and S. A. Mendez, Eds., Crimes of war: what the public should know, Revised and Expanded edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

[293]
L. Ray, ‘Memory, Trauma and Genocidal Nationalism’, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/4/2/ray.html

[294]
‘International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’. [Online]. Available: http://www.icty.org/

[295]
H. W. Smith and W. J. Booth, Eds., The Holocaust and other genocides: history, representation, ethics. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2002.

[296]
R. M. Hayden, ‘Mass Killings and Images of Genocide in Bosnia, 1941-5 and 1992-5’, in The historiography of genocide, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=736039

[297]
J. Gow, The Serbian project and its adversaries: a strategy of war crimes. London: Hurst, 2003.

[298]
‘Journal of Genocide Research: Vol 8, No 3’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjgr20/8/3?nav=tocList

[299]
J. N. Clark, ‘Genocide, war crimes and the conflict in Bosnia: understanding the perpetrators’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 421–445, Dec. 2009, doi: 10.1080/14623520903309479.

[300]
N. Mills and K. Brunner, The new killing fields: massacre and the politics of intervention. New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, 2002.

[301]
C. Carmichael, Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans: nationalism and the destruction of tradition. New York: Routledge, 2002 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781134479535

[302]
S. G. Meštrović, Genocide after emotion: the postemotional Balkan War. London: Routledge, 1996.

[303]
J. Udovicki and J. Ridgeway, Eds., Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia, [Rev. and Expanded]. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1167473

[304]
T. Cushman and S. G. Meštrović, This time we knew: western responses to genocide in Bosnia. New York: New York University Press, 1996.

[305]
T. Bringa, ‘Averted Gaze: Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina’, in Annihilating difference: the anthropology of genocide, vol. California series in public anthropology, Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2002.

[306]
M. A. Sells, The bridge betrayed: religion and genocide in Bosnia, vol. Comparative studies in religion and society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

[307]
D. Rieff, Slaughterhouse: Bosnia and the failure of the West, vol. A Vintage original. London: Vintage, 1995.

[308]
N. Cigar, Genocide in Bosnia: the policy of ‘ethnic cleansing’. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1995.

[309]
Bette Denich, ‘Dismembering Yugoslavia: Nationalist Ideologies and the Symbolic Revival of Genocide’, American Ethnologist, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 367–390, 1994 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/645894?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[310]
A. Oberschall, ‘The manipulation of ethnicity: from ethnic cooperation to violence and war in Yugoslavia’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 982–1001, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1080/014198700750018388.

[311]
S. L. Woodward, Balkan tragedy: chaos and dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1995.

[312]
S. P. Ramet, Balkan babel: the disintegration of Yugoslavia from the death of Tito to ethnic war, 2nd ed. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1996.

[313]
R. Gutman, A witness to genocide: the first inside account of the horrors of ‘ethnic cleansing’ in Bosnia. Shaftesbury: Element, 1993.

[314]
B. Anzulovic, Heavenly Serbia: from myth to genocide. London: Hurst & Company, 1999.

[315]
F. Bieber, ‘Nationalist Mobilization and Stories of Serb Suffering: The Kosovo myth from 600th anniversary to the present’, Rethinking History, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 95–110, Apr. 2002, doi: 10.1080/136425200110112137.

[316]
R. Hukanović and A. Alcalay, The tenth circle of hell: a memoir of life in the death camps of Bosnia. London: Little, Brown, 1997.

[317]
E. Suljagić, L. Haverić, and Bosnian Institute, Postcards from the grave. London: Saqi in association with the Bosnian Institute, 2005.

[318]
I. Wesselingh, A. Vaulerin, and Bosnian Institute, Raw memory: Prijedor, an ‘ethnic cleansing laboratory’. London: Saqi in association with the Bosnian Institute, 2005.

[319]
S. M. Weine, When history is a nightmare: lives and memories of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1999.

[320]
S. Broz, Good people in an evil time: portraits of complicity and resistance in the Bosnian war, vol. Ethnographies of the present series. New York: Other, 2005.

[321]
J. Di Giovanni, Madness visible: a memoir of war. London: Bloomsbury, 2005 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781408834251

[322]
R. M. Hayden, ‘Recounting the Dead: The Rediscovery and Redefinition of Wartime Massacres in Late- and Post-Communist Yugoslavia’, in Memory, history & opposition: under state socialism, Oxford: James Currey, 1999.

[323]
R. M. Hayden, ‘Imagined Communities and Real Victims: Self-Determination and Ethnic Cleansing in Yugoslavia’, in Genocide: an anthropological reader, vol. Blackwell readers in anthropology, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2002.

[324]
A. J. Vetlesen, ‘Yugoslavia: Genocide and Modernity’, in Enlightenment and genocide, contradictions of modernity, vol. Series philosophy&politics, Bruxelles: P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2000.

[325]
R. Okey, ‘The Legacy of Massacre: The "Jasenovac Myth” and the Breakdown of Communist Yugoslavia’, in The massacre in history, vol. War and genocide, New York: Berghahn, 1999.

[326]
K. G. Southwick, ‘“Srebrenica as Genocide? The Krstić Decision and the Language of the Unspeakable”, Yale Journal of Human Rights and Development, 8 (2005)’ [Online]. Available: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/results/enhdocview.do?docLinkInd=true&ersKey=23_T26054086145&format=GNBFULL&startDocNo=0&resultsUrlKey=0_T26054086147&backKey=20_T26054086148&csi=222572&docNo=2&scrollToPosition=0

[327]
M. Mazower, ‘Violence and the State in the Twentieth Century’, The American Historical Review, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 1158–1178, Oct. 2002, doi: 10.1086/532667.

[328]
Ian Kershaw, ‘War and Political Violence in Twentieth-Century Europe’, Contemporary European History, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 107–123, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20081246?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[329]
Steve Smith, ‘Comment on Kershaw’, Contemporary European History, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 124–130, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20081247?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[330]
C. Carmichael, Genocide before the Holocaust. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2009.

[331]
B. D. Lieberman, Terrible fate: ethnic cleansing in the making of modern Europe. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1582371

[332]
N. M. Naimark, Fires of hatred: ethnic cleansing in twentieth-century Europe. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001.

[333]
A. S. Ahmed, ‘"Ethnic Cleansing”: A Metaphor for Our Time?’, in Genocide: an anthropological reader, vol. Blackwell readers in anthropology, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2002.

[334]
A. Bell-Fialkoff, ‘A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 72, no. 3, 1993, doi: 10.2307/20045626.

[335]
R. M. Hayden, ‘Schindler’s Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers’, Slavic Review, vol. 55, no. 04, pp. 727–748, 1996, doi: 10.2307/2501233.

[336]
M. Levene and P. Roberts, The massacre in history, vol. War and genocide. New York: Berghahn, 1999.

[337]
B. K. Uekert, Rivers of blood: a comparative study of government massacres. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1995.

[338]
R. Melson, ‘Modern Genocide in Rwanda: Ideology, Revolution, War, and Mass Murder in an African State’, in The specter of genocide: mass murder in historical perspective, R. Gellately and B. Kiernan, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 325–338 [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819674

[339]
R. Gutman, D. Rieff, A. G. Dworkin, and S. A. Mendez, Eds., Crimes of war: what the public should know, Revised and Expanded edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

[340]
O. Bartov and P. Mack, In God’s name: genocide and religion in the twentieth century, vol. Studies on war and genocode. New York: Berghahn, 2001 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1707789

[341]
‘Journal of Genocide Research: Vol 6, No 1’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjgr20/6/1?nav=tocList

[342]
‘United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’. [Online]. Available: http://unictr.unmict.org/

[343]
‘ICTR Cartoon Book 2011.pdf’. [Online]. Available: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_w_GgXcWbqnZ2ptR0FJU2p2Sjg/edit

[344]
S. Straus, The order of genocide: race, power, and war in Rwanda. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2008.

[345]
C. C. Taylor, Sacrifice as terror: the Rwandan genocide of 1994, vol. Global issues. Oxford: Berg, 1999.

[346]
C. C. Taylor, ‘The Cultural Face of Terror in the Rwandan Genocide of 1994’, in Annihilating difference: the anthropology of genocide, vol. California series in public anthropology, Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2002.

[347]
H. Adelman, ‘Rwanda revisited: In search for lessons’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 431–444, Nov. 2000, doi: 10.1080/713677622.

[348]
N. Mills and K. Brunner, The new killing fields: massacre and the politics of intervention. New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, 2002.

[349]
Helen M. Hintjens, ‘Explaining the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 241–286, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/161847?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Explaining&searchText=the&searchText=1994&searchText=Genocide&searchText=in&searchText=Rwanda&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fprq%3DViolence%2Band%2Bthe%2BState%2Bin%2Bthe%2BTwentieth%2BCentury%2BMazower%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3BQuery%3DExplaining%2Bthe%2B1994%2BGenocide%2Bin%2BRwanda%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bacc%3Don&refreqid=search%3A0c772e623db1565f901c899338970213&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[350]
R. Lemarchand, ‘Genocide in the Great Lakes: Which Genocide? Whose Genocide?’, African Studies Review, vol. 41, no. 1, Apr. 1998, doi: 10.2307/524678.

[351]
Mahmood Mamdani, ‘From Conquest to Consent as the Basic of State Formation: Reflections on Rwanda’, New Left Review, vol. 216, 1996 [Online]. Available: https://newleftreview.org/I/216/mahmood-mamdani-from-conquest-to-consent-as-the-basis-of-state-formation-reflections-on-rwanda

[352]
N. Eltringham, ‘“Invaders who have stolen the country”: The Hamitic Hypothesis, Race and the Rwandan Genocide’, Social Identities, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 425–446, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1080/13504630600823619.

[353]
W. F. S. Miles, ‘Hamites and Hebrews: Problems in “Judaizing” the Rwandan genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 107–115, Mar. 2000, doi: 10.1080/146235200112436.

[354]
J. R. Bale, Imagined Olympians: body culture and colonial representation in Rwanda, vol. Sport and culture series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

[355]
V. Jefremovas, Brickyards to graveyards: from production to genocide in Rwanda, vol. SUNY series in the anthropology of work. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.

[356]
A. Destexhe, Rwanda and genocide in the twentieth century. London: Pluto, 1995.

[357]
R. Dallaire and B. Beardsley, Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda. London: Arrow, 2004.

[358]
Holly J. Burkhalter, ‘The Question of Genocide: The Clinton Administration and Rwanda’, World Policy Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 44–54, 1995 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40209383?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[359]
Michael N. Barnett, ‘The UN Security Council, Indifference, and Genocide in Rwanda’, Cultural Anthropology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 551–578, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/656636?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[360]
A. J. Klinghoffer and J. A. Klinghoffer, International citizens’ tribunals: mobilizing public opinion to advance human rights. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

[361]
A. J. Kuperman, The limits of humanitarian intervention: genocide in Rwanda. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.

[362]
P. Uvin, Aiding violence: the development enterprise in Rwanda. West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian, 1998.

[363]
Gregory H. Stanton 1, ‘Could the Rwandan genocide have been prevented?’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 211–228 [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1462352042000225958

[364]
D. Kroslak and University of Bristol. Library. University of Westminster War and Culture Studies Archive, The role of France in the Rwandan genocide. London: Hurst, 2007.

[365]
R. Lyons and S. Straus, Intimate enemy: images and voices of the Rwandan genocide. New York: Zone Books, 2006.

[366]
J. Hatzfeld, A time for machetes: the Rwandan genocide - the killers speak. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2008.

[367]
J. Hatzfeld, Into the quick of life: the Rwandan genocide : the survivors speak : a report. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2005.

[368]
E. Zorbas, ‘Reconciliation in Post-Genocide Rwanda’, African Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–52, May 2004, doi: 10.1163/221097312X13397499735904.

[369]
Susanne Buckley-Zistel, ‘Remembering to Forget: Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post-Genocide Rwanda’, Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 131–150, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40027106?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Remembering&searchText=to&searchText=Forget:&searchText=Chosen&searchText=Amnesia&searchText=as&searchText=a&searchText=Strategy&searchText=for&searchText=Local&searchText=Coexistence&searchText=in&searchText=Post-Genocide&searchText=Rwanda&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DRemembering%2Bto%2BForget%253A%2BChosen%2BAmnesia%2Bas%2Ba%2BStrategy%2Bfor%2BLocal%2BCoexistence%2Bin%2BPost-Genocide%2BRwanda%26amp%3Bfilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100045&refreqid=search%3A94c4c218b6cf200ee1403d6f2215c7c0&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[370]
D. Belton, When the hills ask for your blood: a personal story of genocide and Rwanda. London: Black Swan, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781446423783

[371]
A. Sibomana, C. Tertsakian, and Askews and Holts, Hope for Rwanda: conversations with Laure Guilbert and Herve Deguine. London: Pluto, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781849640626

[372]
J. A. Berry and C. P. Berry, Genocide in Rwanda: a collective memory. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1999.

[373]
D. Newbury and C. Newbury, ‘Bringing the Peasants Back In: Agrarian Themes in the Construction and Corrosion of Statist Historiography in Rwanda’, The American Historical Review, vol. 105, no. 3, Jun. 2000, doi: 10.2307/2651812.

[374]
Jens Meierhenrich, ‘The Transformation of Lieux de Mémoire: The Nyabarongo River in Rwanda, 1992-2009’, Anthropology Today, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 13–19, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25599037?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=The&searchText=Transformation&searchText=of&searchText=lieux&searchText=de&searchText=m%C3%A9moire:&searchText=The&searchText=Nyarabongo&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fwc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3BQuery%3DThe%2BTransformation%2Bof%2Blieux%2Bde%2Bm%25C3%25A9moire%253A%2BThe%2BNyarabongo%2B%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff&refreqid=search%3A7515872fe65786937c85709de9d22c23&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[375]
‘Journal of Genocide Research: Vol 11, No 1’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjgr20/11/1?nav=tocList

[376]
S. Straus and L. Waldorf, Eds., Remaking Rwanda: state building and human rights after mass violence, vol. Critical human rights. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.

[377]
J.-P. Chrétien, The great lakes of Africa: two thousand years of history, First paperback ed. New York: Zone Books, 2006.

[378]
C. P. Scherrer, Genocide and crisis in Central Africa: conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war. London: Praeger, 2002 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=492309

[379]
B. B. Diop, Murambi: le livre des ossements, vol. Roman/Stock. Paris: Éditions Stock, 2000.

[380]
G. Courtemanche, A Sunday at the pool in Kigali. Edinburgh: Canongate, 2004 [Online]. Available: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Bristol&isbn=9781847677037

[381]
T. Monénembo, The oldest orphan. Lincoln, Neb: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.

[382]
J. R. Pierce, Speak Rwanda. New York: Picador USA, 1999.

[383]
R. Gutman, D. Rieff, A. G. Dworkin, and S. A. Mendez, Eds., Crimes of war: what the public should know, Revised and Expanded edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

[384]
L. Sharlach, ‘Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda’, New Political Science, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 89–102, Mar. 2000, doi: 10.1080/713687893.

[385]
Patricia A. Weitsman, ‘The Politics of Identity and Sexual Violence: A Review of Bosnia and Rwanda’, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 561–578, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20072859?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=The&searchText=Politics&searchText=of&searchText=Identity&searchText=and&searchText=Sexual&searchText=Violence&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fhp%3D25%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3Bprq%3DRape%2Bas%2BGenocide%253A%2BBangladesh%252C%2Bthe%2BFormer%2BYugoslavia%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BQuery%3DThe%2BPolitics%2Bof%2BIdentity%2Band%2BSexual%2BViolence&refreqid=search%3A99ee390ccd7c8355ce7375c683a8faac&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[386]
Helene Sinnreich, ‘“And it was something we didn’t talk about”: Rape of Jewish Women during the Holocaust’, Holocaust Studies [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17504902.2008.11087214

[387]
A. Jones, ‘Gender and Genocide’, in The historiography of genocide, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=736039

[388]
‘Journal of Genocide Research: Vol 4, No 1’ [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjgr20/4/1?nav=tocList

[389]
A. Jones, Ed., Gendercide and genocide. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2004.

[390]
A. Jones, ‘Why gendercide? Why root-and-branch? A comparison of the Vendée uprising of 1793–94 and the Bosnian war of the 1990s’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–25, Mar. 2006, doi: 10.1080/14623520600552835.

[391]
R. Lentin, Gender and catastrophe. London: Zed Books, 1997.

[392]
H. Fein, ‘Genocide and gender: The uses of women and group destiny’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 43–63, Mar. 1999, doi: 10.1080/14623529908413934.

[393]
R. Lentin, ‘The Rape of the Nation: Women Narrativising Genocide’, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/4/2/lentin.html

[394]
Rusell-Brown, Sherrie L., ‘Rape as an Act of Genocide.’, Berkeley Journal of International Law, vol. 21, no. 2, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=10305464&site=ehost-live

[395]
A. R. Reid-Cunningham, ‘“Rape as a Weapon of Genocide”, Genocide Studies and Prevention, 3:3 (2008)’, vol. 3, no. 3, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/387278/pdf

[396]
R. W. Smith, ‘Women and Genocide: Notes on an Unwritten History’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 315–334, 1994, doi: 10.1093/hgs/8.3.315.

[397]
J. Radford and D. E. H. Russell, Femicide: the politics of women killing. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1992.

[398]
D. E. H. Russell and R. A. Harmes, Femicide in global perspective, vol. Athene series. New York: Teachers College Press, 2001.

[399]
M. Faber, Mass rape: the war against women in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.

[400]
Todd A. Salzman, ‘Rape Camps as a Means of Ethnic Cleansing: Religious, Cultural, and Ethical Responses to Rape Victims in the Former Yugoslavia’, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 348–378, 1998 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/762769?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Rape&searchText=Camps&searchText=as&searchText=Means&searchText=of&searchText=Ethnic&searchText=Cleansing&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fso%3Drel%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BQuery%3DRape%2BCamps%2Bas%2BMeans%2Bof%2BEthnic%2BCleansing%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bprq%3DThe%2BRape%2Bof%2Bthe%2BNation%253A%2BWomen%2BNarrativising%2BGenocide%2527&refreqid=search%3Ad9d5f9014c640ea1e368f92064f79897&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[401]
B. Allen, Rape warfare: the hidden genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=522574&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth

[402]
Robert M. Hayden, ‘Rape and Rape Avoidance in Ethno-National Conflicts: Sexual Violence in Liminalized States’, American Anthropologist, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 27–41, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/683536?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Rape&searchText=and&searchText=Rape-Avoidance&searchText=in&searchText=Ethno-National&searchText=Conflicts&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Facc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3BQuery%3DRape%2Band%2BRape-Avoidance%2Bin%2BEthno-National%2BConflicts%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don&refreqid=search%3Afd7efa712d05451faedd7f3a12d5654f&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[403]
R. Lindsey, ‘From atrocity to data: historiographies of rape in Former Yugoslavia and the gendering of genocide’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 59–78, Oct. 2002, doi: 10.1080/003132202128811556.

[404]
L. E. Boose, ‘Crossing the River Drina: Bosnian Rape Camps, Turkish Impalement, and Serb Cultural Memory’, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 71–96, Sep. 2002, doi: 10.1086/340921.

[405]
K. D. Askin, ‘Sexual Violence in Decisions and Indictments of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals: Current Status’, The American Journal of International Law, vol. 93, no. 1, Jan. 1999, doi: 10.2307/2997957.

[406]
R. Charli Carpenter, ‘Surfacing Children: Limitations of Genocidal Rape Discourse’, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 428–477, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4489285?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Surfacing&searchText=Children:&searchText=Limitations&searchText=of&searchText=Genocidal&searchText=Rape&searchText=Discourse&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DSurfacing%2BChildren%253A%2BLimitations%2Bof%2BGenocidal%2BRape%2BDiscourse%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don&refreqid=search%3A43a2288572d88376f718734bae345ef1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[407]
W. Bracewell, ‘Rape in Kosovo: Masculinity and Serbian Nationalism’, Nations and Nationalism, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 563–590, Oct. 2000, doi: 10.1111/j.1354-5078.2000.00563.x.

[408]
R. Van Boeschoten, ‘The trauma of war rape: A comparative view on the Bosnian conflict and the Greek civil war’, History and Anthropology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 41–44, Mar. 2003, doi: 10.1080/0275720032000050548.

[409]
V. Kesić, ‘Muslim Women, Croatian Women, Serbian Women, Albanian Women…’, in Balkan as metaphor: between globalization and fragmentation, 1st MIT Press paperback edition., Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.

[410]
African Rights (Organization), Rwanda, not so innocent: when women become killers. London: African Rights, 1995.

[411]
N. Hogg, ‘Women’s participation in the Rwandan genocide: mothers or monsters?’, International Review of the Red Cross, vol. 92, no. 877, pp. 69–102, Mar. 2010, doi: 10.1017/S1816383110000019.

[412]
Human Rights Watch/Africa, Women’s Rights Project (Human Rights Watch), and Fédération internationale des droits de l’homme, Shattered lives: sexual violence during the Rwandan genocide and its aftermath. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1996.

[413]
L. Sharlach, ‘Gender and genocide in Rwanda: Women as agents and objects of Genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 387–399, Nov. 1999, doi: 10.1080/14623529908413968.

[414]
C. C. Taylor, ‘Chapter 4’, in Sacrifice as terror: the Rwandan genocide of 1994, vol. Global issues, Oxford: Berg, 1999.

[415]
Erin K. Baines, ‘Body Politics and the Rwandan Crisis’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 479–493, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993381?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Body&searchText=Politics&searchText=in&searchText=the&searchText=Rwandan&searchText=Crisis%27&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffc%3Doff%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3BQuery%3DBody%2BPolitics%2Bin%2Bthe%2BRwandan%2BCrisis%25E2%2580%2599%26amp%3Bprq%3DThe%2BTrauma%2Bof%2BWar%2BRape%253A%2BA%2BComparative%2BView%2Bon%2Bthe%2BBosnian%2BWar&refreqid=search%3A6221a10b68b5599a5efd645c31c6c740&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[416]
K. Frieson, ‘In the Shadows: Women, Power and Politics in Cambodia’. [Online]. Available: https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/capi/assets/docs/Frieson_-_Women_in_Cambodia.pdf

[417]
D. L. Bergen, ‘Sexual Violence in the Holocaust: Unique and Typical?’, Lessons and legacies: Vol. 7: The Holocaust in international perspective, 2006.

[418]
S. Heschel, ‘Does Atrocity Have a Gender? Women in the SS’, Lessons and legacies: Vol. 6: New currents in holocaust research, 2004.

[419]
D. P. Brown, The camp women: the female auxiliaries who assisted the SS in running the Nazi concentration camp system, vol. Schiffer military history. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2002.

[420]
G. Schwarz, ‘"During Total War, We Girls Want to Be Where We Can Really Accomplish Something”: What Women Do in Wartime’, in Crimes of war: guilt and denial in the twentieth century, New York: New Press, 2002.

[421]
J. Hunt, ‘Out of respect for life: Nazi abortion policy in the eastern occupied territories’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 379–385, Nov. 1999, doi: 10.1080/14623529908413967.

[422]
Elizabeth Harvey, ‘“We Forgot All Jews and Poles”: German Women and the “Ethnic Struggle” in Nazi-Occupied Poland’, Contemporary European History, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 447–461, 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20081804?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=We&searchText=Forgot&searchText=All&searchText=Jews&searchText=and&searchText=Poles%22:&searchText=German&searchText=Women&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fprq%3DIn%2Bthe%2BShadows%253A%2BWomen%252C%2BPower%2Band%2BPolitics%2Bin%2BCambodia%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BQuery%3DWe%2BForgot%2BAll%2BJews%2Band%2BPoles%25E2%2580%259D%253A%2BGerman%2BWomen%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bso%3Drel&refreqid=search%3A2a25ac0f2fac0d9755d50c0e0102ab4e&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[423]
E. Harvey, Women and the Nazi East: agents and witnesses of Germanization. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2003.

[424]
C. Koonz, Mothers in the fatherland: women, the family and Nazi politics. London: Methuen, 1988.

[425]
L. A. Lorentzen and J. E. Turpin, The women and war reader. New York: New York University Press, 1998.

[426]
S. Jacobs, R. Jacobson, and J. Marchbank, States of conflict: gender, violence and resistance. London: Zed, 2000.

[427]
C. O. N. Moser and F. C. Clark, Victims, perpetrators or actors?: gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed, 2001.

[428]
J. S. Goldstein, War and gender: how gender shapes the war system and vice versa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

[429]
Ruth Harris, ‘The “Child of the Barbarian”: Rape, Race and Nationalism in France during the First World War’, Past & Present, no. 141, pp. 170–206, 1993 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/651033?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=The&searchText=%22Child%20of%20the%20Barbarian%22&searchText=:&searchText=Rape,&searchText=Race&searchText=and&searchText=Nationalism&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DThe%2B%25E2%2580%259CChild%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBarbarian%25E2%2580%259D%253A%2BRape%252C%2BRace%2Band%2BNationalism%2B%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don&refreqid=search%3A8be3bfd2f3e727477c35e00d42c2e576&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[430]
J. N. Horne and A. Kramer, German atrocities, 1914: a history of denial. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.

[431]
Michele L. Leiby, ‘Wartime Sexual Violence in Guatemala and Peru’, International Studies Quarterly, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 445–468, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27735104?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Wartime&searchText=Sexual&searchText=Violence&searchText=in&searchText=Guatemala&searchText=and&searchText=Peru&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fwc%3Don%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3BQuery%3DWartime%2BSexual%2BViolence%2Bin%2BGuatemala%2Band%2BPeru%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff&refreqid=search%3A4ea9d849dcff904e109403448b13276a&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

[432]
J. Bourke, ‘The Burden of Guilt’, in An intimate history of killing: face-to-face killing in twentieth century warfare, London: Granta, 1999, pp. 203–229.

[433]
H. Fein, ‘Genocide: A Sociological Perspective’, in Genocide: an anthropological reader, vol. Blackwell readers in anthropology, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2002, pp. 74–90.

[434]
B. Kiernan, ‘Introduction: A World Turned Upside Down’, in Children of Cambodia’s killing fields: memoirs by survivors, vol. Yale University, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1997, pp. xi–xvii.

[435]
K. Kiv, ‘The Darkness of My Experience’, in Children of Cambodia’s killing fields: memoirs by survivors, vol. Yale University, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1997, pp. 101–104.

[436]
S. Lindqvist, ‘The Birth of Racism’, in ‘Exterminate all the brutes’, London: Granta, 1997, pp. 122–141.

Bibliography for HIST30028: Genocide in the Twentieth Century and Beyond (Level H Lecture Response Unit) BETA