1.
Anthongy., C. Chapter 4. The Short Arm of the Law. in Balancing the scales of justice: local courts and rural society in Southwest France, 1750-1800 (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001).
2.
Clive, E. Introduction. in Crime, police, and penal policy: European experiences, 1750-1940 (Oxford University Press, 2013).
3.
France: More on the French Penal Code of 1810. http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/france/penalcode/c_penalcode.html.
4.
Foucault, M. Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison. 3–31 (Penguin Books, 1991).
5.
Wright, G. Laboring on a Volcano, 1789-1814. in Between the guillotine and liberty: two centuries of the crime problem in France 24–47 (Oxford University Press, 1983).
6.
Martin, B. F. Crime and criminal justice under the Third Republic: the shame of Marianne. (Louisiana State University Press, 1990).
7.
N, M. ’Crimes and Punishments in Eighteenth-Century France: The Example of the pays d’Auge. Social history (1977).
8.
Elio, M. Cesare Beccharia’. in Pioneers in criminology vol. The library of criminology 36–50 (Stevens, 1960).
9.
NEWMAN, G. & MARONGIU, P. PENOLOGICAL REFORM AND THE MYTH OF BECCARIA *. Criminology 28, 325–346 (1990).
10.
Reinhardt, S. G. Justice in the Sarladais, 1770 - 1790. (Louisiana State University Press, 1991).
11.
Julius, R. ’The Old Regime Criminal Justice System’. in Crime, justice and public order in Old Regime France: the Sénéchaussées of Libourne and Bazas, 1696-1789 24–43 (Croom Helm, 1984).
12.
Spierenburg, P. Punishment, Power, and History: Foucault and Elias. Social Science History 28, 607–636 (2004).
13.
Traer, J. F. From Reform to Revolution: The Critical Century in the Development of the French Legal System. The Journal of Modern History 49, 73–88 (1977).
14.
René Lévy. NEW TOOLS FOR THE HISTORY OF CRIME AND JUSTICE IN FRANCE. IAHCCJ Bulletin 167–170 (1993).
15.
Godfrey, B. S. & Lawrence, P. Crime and justice 1750-1950. (Willan, 2005).
16.
Martin, B. F. Crime and criminal justice under the Third Republic: the shame of Marianne. (Louisiana State University Press, 1990).
17.
Wright, G. Between the guillotine and liberty: two centuries of the crime problem in France. (Oxford University Press, 1983).
18.
Compte général de l’administration de la justice criminelle en France... / présenté... par le Garde des sceaux,... - 90 années disponibles - Gallica. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412790415/date.r=Compte+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+l’administration+de+la+justice.langFR.
19.
CriminoCorpus. https://criminocorpus.org/fr/outils/bibliographie/consultation/themes/.
20.
Lombroso Ferrero, G. Criminal Man According to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso. (1911).
21.
Nye, R. A. Heredity or Milieu: The Foundations of Modern European Criminological Theory. Isis 67, 335–355 (1976).
22.
Harris, R. Medicine, Law, and Criminology. in Murders and madness: medicine, law, and society in the fin de siècle 80–124 (Clarendon Press, 1989). doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202592.003.0003.
23.
Beirne, P. Adolphe Quetelet and the Origins of Positivist Criminology. American Journal of Sociology 92, 1140–1169 (1987).
24.
Robert, C. The Doctors and the Judges. I, Pierre Rivière, having slaughtered my mother, my sister, and my brother -: a case of parricide in the 19th century 250–269 (1982).
25.
Clive, E. Scientific Criminology. in Crime, police, and penal policy: European experiences, 1750-1940 181–199 (Oxford University Press, 2013).
26.
Gibson, M. Born to crime: Cesare Lombroso and the origins of biological criminology. vol. Italian and Italian American studies (Praeger, 2002).
27.
Goldstein, J. Console and classify: the French psychiatric profession in the nineteenth century : with a new afterword. (The University of Chicago Press, 2001).
28.
Harris, R. Murders and madness: medicine, law, and society in the Fin de Sìecle. vol. Oxford historical monographs (Clarendon Press, 1989).
29.
Leps, M.-C. Apprehending the criminal: the production of deviance in nineteenth-century discourse. vol. Post-contemporary interventions (Duke University Press, 1992).
30.
Nye, R. A. Crime, madness, & politics in modern France: the medical concept of national decline. (Princeton University Press, 1984).
31.
Pick, D. & Cambridge Books Online (Online service). Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, c.1848–1918. vol. Ideas in Context (Cambridge University Press, 1989).
32.
Verplaetse, J. Prosper Despine’s Psychologie naturelle and the discovery of the remorseless criminal in nineteenth-century France. History of Psychiatry 13, 153–175 (2002).
33.
Becker, P. & Wetzell, R. F. Criminals and their scientists: the history of criminology in international perspective. vol. Publications of the German Historical Institute (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
34.
Margaret, W. V. Gabriel Tarde. in Pioneers in criminology vol. The library of criminology 228–241 (Stevens, 1960).
35.
Marvin, W. Cesare Lombroso. in Pioneers in criminology vol. The library of criminology 168–227 (Stevens, 1960).
36.
Lawrence, P. ‘Images of Poverty and Crime’. Police Memoirs in England and France at the end of the nineteenth Century. Crime, Histoire & Soci?t?s 4, 63–82 (2000).
37.
Merriman, J. M. & Oxford Scholarship Online (Online service). Police stories: building the French state, 1815-1851. (Oxford University Press, 2006).
38.
Berlière. The Professionalisation of the Police Under the Third Republic in France, 1875-1914. in Policing Western Europe: politics, professionalism, and public order, 1850-1940 vol. Contributions in criminology and penology (Greenwood Press, 1991).
39.
Howard, B. Tips, Traps and Tropes: Police Work in Post-Revolutionary Paris. in Police detectives in history, 1750-1950 (eds. Emsley, C. & Shpayer-Makov, H.) (Ashgate, 2006).
40.
Carpenter. Vidocq and the Image of the Counterfeit’. in Aesthetics of fraudulence in nineteenth-century France: frauds, hoaxes, and counterfeits (Ashgate, 2009).
41.
Cobb, R. The police and the people: French popular protest 1789-1820. 3–48 (Clarendon Press, 1970).
42.
EMSLEY, C. THE FRENCH POLICE: UBIQUITOUS AND FACELESS. French History 3, 222–227 (1989).
43.
Emsley, C. Gendarmes and the State in nineteenth-century Europe. (Oxford University Press, 1999).
44.
Emsley, C. A typology of nineteenth-century police. Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 3, 29–44 (1999).
45.
Emsley, C. From Ex-Con to Expert: The Police Detective in Nineteenth-Century France. in Police detectives in history, 1750-1950 (eds. Emsley, C. & Shpayer-Makov, H.) 61–77 (Ashgate, 2006).
46.
Clive, E. New Professionals: Old Problems. in Crime, police, and penal policy: European experiences, 1750-1940 200–223 (Oxford University Press, 2013).
47.
Gillis, A. R. Crime and State Surveillance in Nineteenth-Century France. American Journal of Sociology 95, 307–341 (1989).
48.
Johansen, A. A Process of Civilisation? Legitimisation of Violent Policing in Prussian and French Police Manuals and Instructions, 1880?1914. European Review of History: Revue europ?enne d’histoire 14, 49–71 (2007).
49.
Payne, Howard C. Theory and Practice of Political Police during the Second Empire in France. Journal of Modern History 30, 14–23 (1958).
50.
Payne, H. C. The police state of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, 1851-1860. (Washington University Press, 1966).
51.
Shpayer-Makov, H., Knepper, P. & Johansen, A. Detectives and Forensic Science: The Professionalization of Police Detection. in The Oxford handbook of the history of crime and criminal justice (eds. Knepper, P. & Johansen, A.) vol. The Oxford handbooks in criminology and criminal justice (Oxford University Press, 2016).
52.
Smith, Tb. Assistance and repression: Rural exodus, vagabondage and social crisis in France, 1880-1914. Journal Of Social History 32, (1999).
53.
Spitzer, A. B. The Bureaucrat as Proconsul: The Restoration Prefect and the Police Générale. Comparative Studies in Society and History 7, (1965).
54.
Freundschuh, A. The courtesan and the gigolo: the murders in the Rue Montaigne and the dark side of empire in nineteenth-century Paris. (Stanford University Press, 2017).
55.
Gillis, A. R. Literacy and the civilization of violence in 19th-century France. Sociological Forum 9, 371–401 (1994).
56.
Benjamin, M. The Crimes. in Crime and criminal justice under the Third Republic: the shame of Marianne 1–38 (Louisiana State University Press, 1990).
57.
Muchembled, R. Violence Tamed (1650-1950). in A history of violence: from the end of the Middle Ages to the present 197–242 (Polity, 2012).
58.
Ruth, H. Murder under hypnosis in the case of Gabrielle Bompard: Psychiatry in the Courtroom in Belle Epoque Paris’. in The Anatomy of madness: essays in the history of psychiatry, Vol.3: The Asylum and its psychiatry 197–241 (Routledge, 1988).
59.
Levingston, S. Little demon in the city of light: a true story of murder and mesmerism in Belle Époque Paris. (Anchor Books, a division of Random House LLC, 2015).
60.
Plas, R. Hysteria, Hypnosis, and Moral Sense in French 19th-Century Forensic Psychiatry. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 21, 397–407 (1998).
61.
Bignon, V. E.Caroli & R. Galbiati,. Stealing to Survive? Crime and Income Shocks in 19th Century France. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00623804/document.
62.
Corbin, A. & Goldhammer, A. The village of cannibals: rage and murder in France, 1870. (Polity, 1992).
63.
Downing, L. Murder in the Feminine: Marie Lafarge and the Sexualization of the Nineteenth-Century Criminal Woman. Journal of the History of Sexuality 18, 121–137 (2008).
64.
Lisa, D. Real Murderer and False Poet: Pierre-François Lacénaire. in The subject of murder: gender, exceptionality, and the modern killer (The University of Chicago Press, 2013).
65.
Eburne, J. P. Surrealism and the art of crime. (Cornell University Press, 2008).
66.
Eisner, M. Modernization, Self-Control and Lethal Violence. The Long-term Dynamics of European Homicide Rates in Theoretical Perspective. British Journal of Criminology 41, 618–638 (2001).
67.
Eisner, M. Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime. Crime and Justice 30, 83–142 (2003).
68.
Ferguson, E. E. Judicial Authority and Popular Justice: Crimes of Passion in Fin-de-Siecle Paris. Journal of Social History 40, 293–315 (2006).
69.
Lodhi, A. Q. & Tilly, C. Urbanization, Crime, and Collective Violence in 19th-Century France. American Journal of Sociology 79, 296–318 (1973).
70.
Walter, L. Émile Durkheim. in Pioneers in criminology vol. The library of criminology 301–115 (Stevens, 1960).
71.
Robert, N. Honor and the Duel in the Third Republic, 1860-1914. in Masculinity and male codes of honor in modern France 172–215 (University of California Press, 1998).
72.
Parrella, A. Industrialization and Murder: Northern France, 1815-1904. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 22, (1992).
73.
Whitt, H. P. The Civilizing Process and Its Discontents: Suicide and Crimes against Persons in France, 1825–1830. American Journal of Sociology 116, 130–186 (2010).
74.
Wood, J. C. A Change of Perspective: Integrating Evolutionary Psychology into the Historiography of Violence. British Journal of Criminology 51, 479–498 (2011).
75.
Donovan, J. M. Infanticide and the Juries in France, 1825-1913. Journal of Family History 16, 157–176 (1991).
76.
Guillais, J. Crimes of passion: dramas of private life in nineteenth-century France. (Polity in association with Blackwell, 1990).
77.
Martin, B. F. The Courts, the Magistrature, and Promotions in Third Republic France, 1871-1914. The American Historical Review 87, (1982).
78.
Donovan, J. M. Justice Unblind: The Juries and the Criminal Classes in France, 1825-1914. Journal of Social History 15, 89–107 (1981).
79.
Mason, L. The "Bosom of Proof”: Criminal Justice and the Renewal of Oral Culture during the French Revolution. The Journal of Modern History 76, 29–61 (2004).
80.
Berenson, E. The trial of Madame Caillaux. (University of California Press, 1993).
81.
Savitt, William. Villainous verdicts? Rethinking the nineteenth-century French jury. Columbia Law Review 96, (1996).
82.
Calonne, Alphonse de. THE FRENCH JUDICIAL SYSTEM. The Nineteenth century: a monthly review 45, 378–388 (1899).
83.
James, D. The Changing Composition of Juries in France, 1791-1913. Proceedings of the Western Society for French History: selected papers of the annual meeting 256–272.
84.
Donovan, J. M. Juries and the transformation of criminal justice in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. vol. Studies in legal history (University of North Carolina Press, 2010).
85.
Adhémar, E. Part III: History of Criminal Procedure Since the French Revolution. in A history of continental criminal procedure with special reference to France vol. Continental legal history series 393–569 (Rotham Reprints, 1968).
86.
Ferguson, E. E. Judicial Authority and Popular Justice: Crimes of Passion in Fin-de-Siecle Paris. Journal of Social History 40, 293–315 (2006).
87.
Geometries of Power. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 72, 434–474 (2013).
88.
Taylor, K. F. In the theater of criminal justice: the Palais de justice in Second Empire Paris. vol. The Princeton series in nineteenth-century art, culture, and society (Princeton University Press, 1993).
89.
Freundschuh, A. The courtesan and the gigolo: the murders in the Rue Montaigne and the dark side of empire in nineteenth-century Paris. (Stanford University Press, 2017).
90.
LÉVY, R. Police and the Judiciary in France since the Nineteenth Century. The Decline of the Examining Magistrate. The British Journal of Criminology 33, 167–167 (1993).
91.
Gordon, W. Laboring on a Volcano (1789-1814). in Between the guillotine and liberty: two centuries of the crime problem in France 24–47 (Oxford University Press, 1983).
92.
Clémence, Z. The Code d’Instruction criminelle, 1808 - napoleon.org. https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/articles/the-code-dinstruction-criminelle-1808/.
93.
Taylor, K. F. In the theater of criminal justice: the Palais de justice in Second Empire Paris. vol. The Princeton series in nineteenth-century art, culture, and society (Princeton University Press, 1993).
94.
Begley, L. Why the Dreyfus affair matters. vol. Why x matters (Yale University Press, 2009).
95.
Harris, R. The Assumptionists and the Dreyfus Affair. Past & Present 194, 175–211 (2007).
96.
Harris, R. Degradation. in The man on Devil’s Island: Alfred Dreyfus and the affair that divided France 15–41 (Allen Lane, 2010).
97.
Kaplan, Robert. Making sense of the rennes verdict: The military dimension of the dreyfus affair. Journal of Contemporary History 34, 499–515 (1999).
98.
Martin, B. F. Political justice in France: The Dreyfus affair and after. The European Legacy 2, 809–826 (1997).
99.
Mitchell, A. The Xenophobic Style: French Counterespionage and the Emergence of the Dreyfus Affair. The Journal of Modern History 52, 414–425 (1980).
100.
William, P. Love and Death in Gay Paris: Homosexuality and Criminality in the 1870s. in Homosexuality in modern France (eds. Merrick, J. & Ragan, B. T.) vol. Studies in the history of sexuality (Oxford University Press, 1996).
101.
Anne-Marie Sohn. The Golden Age of Male Adultery: The Third Republic. Journal of Social History 28, 469–490 (1995).
102.
Corbin, A. Commercial Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century France: A System of Images and Regulations. Representations 209–219 (1986) doi:10.2307/2928440.
103.
Bechtold, B. Infanticide in 19th century France: a quantitative interpretationâ. Review of Radical Political Economics 33, 165–187 (2001).
104.
Clayson, H. Painted love: prostitution in French art of the impressionist era. (Yale University Press, 1991).
105.
Clayson, H. Representations of prostitution in early Third Republic France. (University Microfilms International, 1986).
106.
Corbin, A. Women for hire: prostitution and sexuality in France after 1850. (Harvard University Press, 1990).
107.
Harsin, J. Policing prostitution in nineteenth-century Paris. (Princeton University Press, 1985).
108.
Lewis, B. The Sewer and the Prostitute in Les Mis?rables: From Regulation to Redemption. Nineteenth-Century French Studies 44, 266–278 (2016).
109.
Matlock, J. Scenes of seduction: prostitution, hysteria, and reading difference in nineteenth-century France. (Columbia University Press, 1994).
110.
Maza, S. C. Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris. vol. Simpson, imprint in humanities (University of California Press, 2011).
111.
Émile, Z. Nana : (sequel to ‘L’assommoir.’) : Zola, Emile, 1840-1902 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/nanasequeltolass00zola.
112.
Kalifa, D & Flynn, M. J. Criminal investigators at the fin-de-siecle. Yale French Studies 36–47 (2005) doi:10.2307/4149296.
113.
Maza, S. A Culture of Crime. in Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris vol. Simpson, imprint in humanities 174–202 (University of California Press, 2011).
114.
Allen, J. S. History and the Novel: Mentalite in Modern Popular Fiction. History and Theory 22, (1983).
115.
Cragin, T. Murder in Parisian streets: manufacturing crime and justice in the Popular Press, 1830-1900. (Bucknell University Press, 2006).
116.
Aaron Freundschuh. Chapter 3. in The Courtesan and the Gigolo: The Murders in the Rue Montaigne and the Dark Side of Empire in Nineteenth-Century Paris (Stanford University Press; 1 edition, 11AD).
117.
Minor, L. W. The militant hackwriter: French popular literature 1800-1848, its influence, artistic and political. (Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1975).
118.
Poulosky, L. Severed heads and martyred souls: crime and capital punishment in French romantic literature. vol. The age of revolution and romanticism (P. Lang, 2003).
119.
Shaya, G. The Flaneur, the Badaud, and the Making of a Mass Public in France, circa 1860-1910. The American Historical Review 109, 41–77 (2004).
120.
Sindall, R. Street violence in the nineteenth century: media panic or real danger? (Leicester University Press, 1990).
121.
Sue, Eugène. The mysteries of Paris. http://international.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?intldl/ascfrbib:@OR(@field(NUMBER+@od2(rbfr+2010))) (1878).
122.
Daniel, V. The Cultural History of Crime. in A companion to nineteenth-century Europe, 1789-1914 vol. Blackwell companions to European history 355–368 (Blackwell Pub, 2006).
123.
Guillaume, F. The Emergence of French Crime Fiction during the Nineteenth Century. The Journal of Publishing Culture 4, (2015).
124.
Clive, E. Danger in the City: Danger in the Countryside’. in Crime, police, and penal policy: European experiences, 1750-1940 135–159 (Oxford University Press, 2013).
125.
Peter, S. Deep Play in the Forest: Peasant Culture and Protest in Nineteenth-Century France. in Culture and identity in early modern Europe (1500 - 1800): essays in honor of Natalie Zemon Davis 159–177 (University of Michigan Press, 1993).
126.
Dominique Kalifa. Crime Scenes: Criminal Topography and Social Imaginary in Nineteenth-Century Paris. French Historical Studies 27, 175–194 (2004).
127.
McPhee, P. ‘Dur, fier et ardent’: Murder in Villesèque, 1830. in Revolution and Environment in Southern France 205–231 (Oxford University Press, 1999). doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207177.003.0009.
128.
Corbin, A. & Goldhammer, A. The village of cannibals: rage and murder in France, 1870. (Polity, 1992).
129.
Crubaugh, A. Balancing the scales of justice: local courts and rural society in Southwest France, 1750-1800. (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001).
130.
Hobsbawm, E. J. Bandits. 7–18 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969).
131.
Weber, E. From Justice, Lord Deliver Us! in Peasants into Frenchmen: the modernization of rural France, 1870-1914 50–66 (Chatto and Windus, 1977).
132.
Weber, E. Peasants into Frenchmen: the modernization of rural France, 1870-1914. (Chatto and Windus, 1977).
133.
Woloch, I. The new regime: transformations of the French civic order, 1789-1820s. (W.W. Norton, 1995).
134.
Blok, A. Honour and violence. (Polity Press, 2001).
135.
Hobsbawm, E. J. What is Social Banditry? in Bandits 13–23 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969).
136.
Brown, H. From Organic Society to Security State: The War on Brigandage in France, 1797?1802. The Journal of Modern History 69, 661–665 (1997).
137.
Grab, A. State Power, Brigandage and Rural Resistance in Napoleonic Italy. European History Quarterly 25, 39–70 (1995).
138.
Wilson, S. Feuding, conflict and banditry in nineteenth-century Corsica. (Cambridge University Press, 1988). doi:10.1017/CBO9780511523557.
139.
de Blécourt, W. Witch doctors, soothsayers and priests. On cunning folk in European historiography and tradition. Social History 19, 285–303 (1994).
140.
Owen, D. Witchcraft Accusations in France. in The Greening of rural policy: international perspectives 107–132 (Belhaven Press, 1992).
141.
Devlin, J. Chapter 4. Witchcraft and the Sense of Injustice. in The superstitious mind: French peasants and the supernatural in the nineteenth century 100–119 (Yale University Press, 1987).
142.
Pooley, William G. Can the ‘Peasant’ Speak? Witchcraft and Silence in Guillaume Cazaux’s ‘The Mass of Saint Sécaire’. Western Folklore 71, 93–118 (2012).
143.
Louis, C. Hugo. in Labouring classes and dangerous classes in Paris during the first half of the nineteenth century (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973).
144.
Cohen, W. B. Urban government and the rise of the French city: five municipalities in the nineteenth century. (Macmillan, 1998).
145.
Cragin, T. Murder in Parisian streets: manufacturing crime and justice in the Popular Press, 1830-1900. (Bucknell University Press, 2006).
146.
Pope, W. Durkheim’s ‘Suicide’: a classic analyzed. (University of Chicago Press, 1976).
147.
EMSLEY, C. POLICING THE STREETS OF EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY PARIS. French History 1, 257–282 (1987).
148.
Merriman, J. M. & Oxford Scholarship Online (Online service). The margins of city life: explorations on the French urban frontier, 1815-1851. (Oxford University Press, 1991).
149.
Edgar Leon, N. ‘"I was born good, society corrupted me.” Hippolyte Raynal, the Anti-Émile, Poet, Artisan and Thief’. 76–85.
150.
Christopher., P. Paris Underground. in Paris and the nineteenth century vol. Writing the city series 74–101 (Blackwell, 1992).
151.
Freundschuh, A. The courtesan and the gigolo: the murders in the Rue Montaigne and the dark side of empire in nineteenth-century Paris. (Stanford University Press, 2017).
152.
Antoinette, B. Introduction. in After the imperial turn: thinking with and through the nation (Duke University Press, 2003).
153.
Benton, Lauren. Colonial Law and Cultural Difference: Jurisdictional Politics and the Formation of the Colonial State. Comparative Studies In Society And History 41, 563–588 (1999).
154.
Christelow, A. The Muslim Judge and Municipal Politics in Colonial Algeria and Senegal. Comparative Studies in Society and History 24, (1982).
155.
Klein, M. A. & Cambridge Books Online (Online service). Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa. vol. African Studies (Cambridge University Press, 1998).
156.
MANN, G. WHAT WAS THE INDIG?NAT? THE ?EMPIRE OF LAW? IN FRENCH WEST AFRICA. The Journal of African History 50, (2009).
157.
McDougall, J. The Secular State’s Islamic Empire: Muslim Spaces and Subjects of Jurisdiction in Paris and Algiers, 1905–1957. Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, 553–580 (2010).
158.
Schneider, W. H. An empire for the masses: the French popular image of Africa, 1870-1900. vol. Contributions in comparative colonial studies (Greenwood Press, 1982).
159.
Perrot, M. Delinquency and the Penitentiary System in Nineteenth-Century France. in Deviants and the abandoned in French society: selections from the Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations vol. Selections from the Annales 213–245 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978).
160.
Alexis de, T. & Gustave de, B. On the penitentiary system in the United States and its application in France; with an appendix on penal colonies and also statistical notes; : Beaumont, Gustave de, 1802-1866 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/onpenitentiarysy00beauuoft.
161.
Randall McGowen and Daniel Gordon              Michael Meranze              Robert Nye              Randall McGowen              Daniel Gordon              Gene E. Ogle              Paul Friedland              Katherine Royer              Carlin A. Barton              Austin Sarat. Historical Reflections.
162.
O’Brien, P. The promise of punishment: prisons in nineteenth-century France. (Princeton University Press, 1982).
163.
Foucault, M. Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison. (Penguin, 1979).
164.
Aaron Freundschuh. Chapter 8. in The Courtesan and the Gigolo: The Murders in the Rue Montaigne and the Dark Side of Empire in Nineteenth-Century Paris (Stanford University Press; 1 edition, 11AD).
165.
Garland, D. Punishment and welfare: a history of penal strategies. (Gower, 1985).
166.
Spierenburg, P. Violence and the civilizing process?: does it work?? Crime, Histoire & Soci?t?s 5, 87–105 (2001).
167.
Spierenburg, P. The spectacle of suffering: executions and the evolution of repression : from a preindustrial metropolis to the European experience. (Cambridge University Press, 1984).