1
Campbell L, Ashworth A, Redmayne M. The criminal process. Fifth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2019.
2
Sanders A, Young R, Burton M. Criminal justice. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, USA 2010.
3
Sanders A, Young R, Burton M. Criminal justice. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010.
4
Ashworth A, Redmayne M. The criminal process. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010.
5
Hillyard P, Tombs S. From ‘crime’ to social harm? Crime, Law and Social Change. 2007;48:9–25. doi: 10.1007/s10611-007-9079-z
6
CPS. The Code for Crown Prosecutors. 2013. https://www.cps.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/publications/code_2013_accessible_english.pdf
7
Tata C, Gormley JM. Sentencing and Plea Bargaining: Guilty Pleas versus Trial Verdicts.
8
Penny Darbyshire. The mischief of plea bargaining and sentencing rewards. Criminal Law Review. 2000;895–910.
9
Codes and protocols - Serious Fraud Office. https://www.sfo.gov.uk/publications/guidance-policy-and-protocols/codes-and-protocols/
10
Ashworth A, Redmayne M. The criminal process. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010.
11
Codes and protocols - Serious Fraud Office. https://www.sfo.gov.uk/publications/guidance-policy-and-protocols/codes-and-protocols/
12
David Ormerod. Prosecution policies. Criminal Law Review. 2012;653–5.
13
Ashworth. Developments in the Public Prosecutor’s Office in England and Wales. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. ;8:257–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718170020519184
14
Ian D. Brownlee. The statutory charging scheme in England and Wales: towards a unified prosecution system? Criminal Law Review. 2004;896–907.
15
Wells C, Quick O, Lacey N. Lacey, Wells and Quick Reconstructing criminal law: text and materials. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
16
Mulcahy A. The Justifications of Justice ‘Justice’: Legal Practitioners’ Accounts of Negotiated Case Settlements in Magistrates’ Courts. The British Journal of Criminology. 1994;34:411–30. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048444
17
Woodley M. Bargaining over Corporate Manslaughter--What Price a Life? The Journal of Criminal Law. 2013;77:33–40. doi: 10.1350/jcla.2013.77.1.816
18
Directors’ Guidance to accompany the Attorney General’s Guidelines on Plea Discussions in cases of Serious or Complex Fraud | The Crown Prosecution Service. https://www.cps.gov.uk/publication/directors-guidance-accompany-attorney-generals-guidelines-plea-discussions-cases
19
R. v Dougall: case in detail. Archbold Review. 2010;3–4.
20
Colbran MP. Policing, social media and the new media landscape: can the police and the traditional media ever successfully bypass each other? Policing and Society. 2018;1–15. doi: 10.1080/10439463.2018.1532426
21
Liebling A, Maruna S, McAra L, editors. The Oxford handbook of criminology. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2017.
22
de Maillard J, Savage SP. Policing as a performing art? The contradictory nature of contemporary police performance management. Criminology & Criminal Justice. 2018;18:314–31. doi: 10.1177/1748895817718589
23
Niko Kommenda. Why is violent crime on the rise – and who is most at risk? Guardian. Published Online First: 27 April 2018.
24
Crime in England and Wales: Year Ending June 2018 - Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/crimeinenglandandwales/yearendingjune2018#main-points
25
Chris Greer. We Predict a Riot? The British Journal of Criminology. ;50:1041–59.
26
Rob C. Mawby. Chibnall Revisited. The British Journal of Criminology. ;50:1060–76.
27
Reiner R. The politics of the police. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010.
28
Bowling B, Reiner R, Sheptycki JWE. The politics of the police. Fifth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2019.
29
Lacey N. Historicising Criminalisation: Conceptual and Empirical Issues. Modern Law Review. 2009;72:936–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2009.00775.x
30
LOVEDAY B. Managing Crime: Police Use of Crime Data as an Indicator of Effectiveness. International Journal of the Sociology of Law. 2000;28:215–37. doi: 10.1006/ijsl.2000.0124
31
Rodger Patrick. ‘Reading Tea Leaves’: An Assessment of the Reliability of Police Recorded Crime Statistics1. The Police Journal. ;84.
32
Crandon GL, Dunne S. Symbiosis or vassalage? The media and the law enforcers ‐ the case of Avon and Somerset police. Policing and Society. 1997;8:77–91. doi: 10.1080/10439463.1997.9964782
33
Philip Jenkins. Failure to Launch. The British Journal of Criminology. ;49:35–47.
34
House of Commons - Home Affairs: Written evidence submitted by Dr Rodger Patrick [IPCC 03]. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmhaff/494/494vw03.htm
35
Wells C, Quick O, Lacey N. Lacey, Wells and Quick Reconstructing criminal law: text and materials. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
36
Wilcox A, Young R. How Green was Thames Valley?: Policing the Image of Restorative Justice Cautions. Policing and Society. 2007;17:141–63. doi: 10.1080/10439460701302693
37
Sillince JAA, Brown AD. Multiple organizational identities and legitimacy: The rhetoric of police websites. Human Relations. 2009;62:1829–56. doi: 10.1177/0018726709336626
38
Hillyard P, Tombs S. From ‘crime’ to social harm? Crime, Law and Social Change. 2007;48:9–25. doi: 10.1007/s10611-007-9079-z
39
Hillyard P. Beyond criminology: taking harm seriously. London: Pluto Press 2004.
40
Hillyard P, Crime and Society Foundation (Great Britain). Criminal obsessions: why harm matters more than crime. London: Crime and Society Foundation 2005.
41
Morgan R, Reiner R, Maguire M. The Oxford handbook of criminology. 5th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press 2012.
42
Celia Wells. Corporate criminal liability : a ten year review. Criminal Law Review. 2014;849–78.
43
Tombs S. The UK’s corporate killing law: Un/fit for purpose? Criminology & Criminal Justice. 2018;18:488–507. doi: 10.1177/1748895817725559
44
Ministry of Justice. Explanatory Notes to Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament .
45
Health and Safety Offences, Corporate Manslaughter and Food Safety and Hygiene Offences. Definitive Guideline.
46
Company fined £550,000 in first corporate manslaughter sentencing under new guideline. https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/company-fined-550000-in-first-corporate-manslaughter-sentencing-under-new-guideline
47
Wells, C. Corporate Crime: Opening the Eyes of the Sentry. Legal Studies,.
48
Dobson A. Section 37 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 – re‐invigorated. International Journal of Law and Management. 2013;55:141–55. doi: 10.1108/17542431311308467
49
Victoria Roper. The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007—A 10-Year Review. Journal of Criminal Law. ;82.
50
Gobert J. The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 – Thirteen years in the making but was it worth the wait? Modern Law Review. 2008;71:413–33. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2008.00699.x
51
Sarah Field. Five years on: the impact of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: plus ca change? International Company and Commercial Law Review. 2013;24:239–46.
52
Corporate Manslaughter - Sentencing Developments | Ashfords Solicitors. https://www.ashfords.co.uk/news-and-events/general/corporate-manslaughter-sentencing-developments
53
Gobert, J. The Politics of Corporate Manslaughter - The British Experience. Flinders Journal of Law Reform,.
54
Courts and Tribunals Judiciary | R -v- Lion Steel Equipment Ltd. https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/r-v-steel-equip-ltd-sentencing-remarks/
55
Hillyard P, Tombs S. Social Harm and Zemiology. In: Liebling A, Maruna S, McAra L, eds. The Oxford handbook of criminology. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2017:284–305.
56
Suicide: Policy for Prosecutors in Respect of Cases of Encouraging or Assisting Suicide | The Crown Prosecution Service. https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/suicide-policy-prosecutors-respect-cases-encouraging-or-assisting-suicide
57
Lipscombe S, Barber S. Assisted Suicide, Notes to Parliamentary Briefing Paper.
58
Plea discussions in cases of serious or complex fraud - GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/plea-discussions-in-cases-of-serious-or-complex-fraud--8
59
Directors’ Guidance to accompany the Attorney General’s Guidelines on Plea Discussions in cases of Serious or Complex Fraud | The Crown Prosecution Service. https://www.cps.gov.uk/publication/directors-guidance-accompany-attorney-generals-guidelines-plea-discussions-cases
60
Woodley M. Bargaining over Corporate Manslaughter--What Price a Life? The Journal of Criminal Law. 2013;77:33–40. doi: 10.1350/jcla.2013.77.1.816
61
R. v : case in detail. Archbold Review. 2010;3–4.
62
Gillian Daly and Rosemary Pattenden. Racial Bias and the English Criminal Trial Jury. The Cambridge Law Journal. 2005;64.
63
David Ormerod. Prosecution policies. Criminal Law Review. 2012;653–5.
64
Ashworth. Developments in the Public Prosecutor’s Office in England and Wales. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. ;8:257–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718170020519184
65
Ian D. Brownlee. The statutory charging scheme in England and Wales: towards a unified prosecution system? Criminal Law Review. 2004;896–907.
66
Chris Greer. We Predict a Riot? The British Journal of Criminology. ;50:1041–59.
67
John D. Jackson. The effect of legal culture and proof in decisions to prosecute. Law, Probability & Risk.
68
Wells C, Quick O, Lacey N. Lacey, Wells and Quick Reconstructing criminal law: text and materials. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
69
Mulcahy, A. The Justification of Justice - Legal Practitioners’ Accounts of Negotiated Case Settlements in Magistrates’ Courts. British Journal of Criminology,.
70
The investigation and prosecution of criminal offences in England and Wales: the law and procedure.
71
Sanders A, Young R, Burton M. Criminal justice. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, USA 2010.
72
McConville, M. Plea Bargaining: Ethics and Politics. Journal of Law and Society,.
73
Mulcahy, A. The Justification of Justice - Legal Practitioners’ Accounts of Negotiated Case Settlements in Magistrates’ Courts. British Journal of Criminology,.
74
Professor Michael Zander. Plea bargaining goes back a hundred years. The New Law Journal. ;148.
75
Penny Darbyshire. The mischief of plea bargaining and sentencing rewards. Criminal Law Review. 2000;895–910.
76
Diversity and Fairness in the Justice system.
77
Are Juries Fair?
78
Sommers, S. R.; Ellsworth, P. C. How Much Do We Really Know about Race and Juries - A Review of Social Science Theory and Research. Chicago-Kent Law Review,.
79
Parmar A. Ethnicities, Racism, and Crime in England and Wales. In: Bucerius SM, Tonry MH, eds. The Oxford handbook of ethnicity, crime, and immigration. New York: Oxford University Press .
80
Parmar A. Stop and search in London: counter-terrorist or counter-productive? Policing and Society. 2011;21:369–82. doi: 10.1080/10439463.2011.617984
81
Runnymede Trust / Race and Policing. https://www.runnymedetrust.org/projects-and-publications/criminal-justice-3/justice-resistance-solidarity-race-and-policing-in-england-wales.html
82
Dying for Justice.
83
Angiolini E. Report of the Independent Review of Deaths and Serious Incidents in Police Custody.
84
Scarman LS, Great Britain. Home Office. The Brixton disorders, 10-12 April 1981: the Scarman report. Penguin 1982.
85
The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry - GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-stephen-lawrence-inquiry
86
Smith G. A Most Enduring Problem: Police Complaints Reform in England and Wales. Journal of Social Policy. 2006;35:121–41. doi: 10.1017/S0047279405009323
87
Athwal H, Burnett J. Investigated or ignored? An analysis of race-related deaths since the Macpherson Report. Race & Class. 2014;56:22–42. doi: 10.1177/0306396814531694
88
Kahn KB, Martin KD. Policing and Race: Disparate Treatment, Perceptions, and Policy Responses. Social Issues and Policy Review. 2016;10:82–121. doi: 10.1111/sipr.12019
89
Are Britain and America’s Drug Laws Racist? – Media Diversified. https://mediadiversified.org/2015/07/24/racist-drug-law/
90
Phillips C, Bowling B. Ethnicities, Racism, Crime and Criminal Justice. In: Liebling A, Maruna S, McAra L, eds. The Oxford handbook of criminology. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2017.
91
The Police Have Their Own Crimes to Answer For – Media Diversified. https://mediadiversified.org/2016/03/07/the-police-have-a-lot-to-answer-for/
92
Ward T. State Harms. Beyond criminology: taking harm seriously. London: Pluto Press 2004:84–100.
93
Torrible C. Reconceptualising the police complaints process as a site of contested legitimacy claims. Policing and Society. 2018;28:464–79. doi: 10.1080/10439463.2016.1191486
94
Rees J. Reading the riots: investigating England’s summer of disorder.
95
Injustice on Vimeo.
96
Baker D. Using narrative to construct accountability in cases of death after police contact. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 2019;52:60–75. doi: 10.1177/0004865818767227
97
BAKER DAVID. DEATHS AFTER POLICE CONTACT: constructing accountability in the 21st century. [Place of publication not identified]: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN 2018.
98
Gavin Evans. The unwelcome revival of ‘race science’. Guardian. Published Online First: 2 March 2018.
99
Online Fraud - National Audit Office (NAO) Report. https://www.nao.org.uk/report/online-fraud/
100
Rosemary Davidson. Brexit and criminal justice: the future of the UK’s cooperation relationship with the EU. Criminal Law Review. 2017;379–95.
101
Levi M, Doig A, Gundur R, et al. Cyberfraud and the implications for effective risk-based responses: themes from UK research. Crime, Law and Social Change. 2017;67:77–96. doi: 10.1007/s10611-016-9648-0
102
Levi M. The implications of economic cybercrime for policing.
103
Doig A, Levi M. A case of arrested development? Delivering the UK National Fraud Strategy within competing policing policy priorities. Public Money & Management. 2013;33:145–52. doi: 10.1080/09540962.2013.763435
104
Blanco Hache AC, Ryder N. ’Tis the season to (                              ?) wise-up to online fraudsters. Criminals on the Web lurking to scam shoppers this Christmas:                              a critical analysis of the United Kingdom’s legislative provisions and policies to tackle online fraud. Information & Communications Technology Law. 2011;20:35–56. doi: 10.1080/13600834.2011.557537
105
Take Five - To Stop Fraud. https://takefive-stopfraud.org.uk/
106
TakeFive. https://takefive-stopfraud.org.uk/takethetest/
107
Bobbies on the net: a police workforce for the digital age | Reform. https://reform.uk/research/bobbies-net-police-workforce-digital-age
108
Sheptycki J. Liquid modernity and the police                              ; thinking about information flows in police organisation. Global Crime. 2017;18:286–302. doi: 10.1080/17440572.2017.1313734
109
Leukfeldt ER, Kleemans ER, Stol WP. A typology of cybercriminal networks: from low-tech all-rounders to high-tech specialists. Crime, Law and Social Change. 2017;67:21–37. doi: 10.1007/s10611-016-9662-2
110
Button M, Blackbourn D, Tunley M. ‘The Not So Thin Blue Line After All?’ Investigative Resources Dedicated to Fighting Fraud/Economic Crime in the United Kingdom. Policing. 2015;9:129–42. doi: 10.1093/police/pau037
111
Gannon R, Doig A. Ducking the answer? Fraud strategies and police resources. Policing and Society. 2010;20:39–60. doi: 10.1080/10439460903377329
112
Doig A, Levi M. Inter-agency work and the UK public sector investigation of fraud, 1996–2006: joined-up rhetoric and disjointed reality. Policing and Society. 2009;19:199–215. doi: 10.1080/10439460902863311
113
Digital Investigation and Intelligence: Policing capabilities for a digital age.
114
Sanders A, Griffiths D. The road to the dock: prosecution decision-making in medical manslaughter cases. In: Griffiths D, Sanders A, eds. Bioethics, medicine, and the criminal law: Volume II: Medicine, crime, and society. Cambridge [UK]: Cambridge University Press 2013:117–58.
115
Quick, O. Expert Evidence and Medical Manslaughter: Vagueness in Action. Journal of Law and Society,.
116
Williams review into gross negligence manslaughter in healthcare - GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/williams-review-into-gross-negligence-manslaughter-in-healthcare
117
Vaughn J, Quick O, Griffiths D. Medical Manslaughter: Where Next? The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2018;11:251–4.
118
Alghrani A, Brazier M, Farrell A-M, et al. Healthcare scandals in the NHS: crime and punishment. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2011;37:230–2. doi: 10.1136/jme.2010.038737
119
Brazier M, Alghrani A. Fatal medical malpractice and criminal liability. Professional Negligence. 2009;25:51–67.
120
Wells C, Quick O, Lacey N. Lacey, Wells and Quick Reconstructing criminal law: text and materials. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
121
McDowell SE, Ferner RE. Medical manslaughter. BMJ. 2013;347:f5609–f5609. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f5609
122
Quick, O. Prosecuting Gross Medical Negligence: Manslaughter, Discretion, and the Crown Prosecution Service. Journal of Law and Society,.
123
Hannah Quirk*. Sentencing white coat crime: the need for guidance in medical manslaughter cases. Criminal Law Review. 2013;871–88.
124
Sanders A, Griffiths D. Following the law or using the law? Decision making in medical manslaughter. Exploring the ‘Legal’ in Socio-Legal Studies. Palgrave Macmillan 2015:225–44.
125
Silbey S. "Rotten Apples or a Rotting Barrel”.
126
Hohl K, Stanko EA. Complaints of rape and the criminal justice system: Fresh evidence on the attrition problem in England and Wales. European Journal of Criminology. 2015;12:324–41. doi: 10.1177/1477370815571949
127
McMillan L. Police officers’ perceptions of false allegations of rape. Journal of Gender Studies. 2018;27:9–21. doi: 10.1080/09589236.2016.1194260
128
Clare Gunby. Alcohol-related Rape Cases: Barristers’ Perspectives on the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Its Impact on Practice. Journal of Criminal Law. ;74.
129
Smith O, Skinner T. How Rape Myths Are Used and Challenged in Rape and Sexual Assault Trials. Social & Legal Studies. 2017;26:441–66. doi: 10.1177/0964663916680130
130
Rees G. ‘It is Not for Me to Say Whether Consent Was Given or Not’: Forensic Medical Examiners’ Construction of ‘Neutral Reports’ in Rape Cases. Social & Legal Studies. 2010;19:371–86. doi: 10.1177/0964663910362291
131
Brian Brewis. Procedural Amendments for Adducing Sexual Behaviour Evidence Under s. 41 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. Journal of Criminal Law. ;82.
132
Clare McGlynn. Rape Trials and Sexual History Evidence: Reforming the Law on Third-Party Evidence. Journal of Criminal Law. ;81.
133
Gurnham D. Ched Evans, rape myths and Medusa’s gaze: a story of mirrors and windows. International Journal of Law in Context. 2018;14:454–68. doi: 10.1017/S1744552318000010
134
Temkin J, Gray JM, Barrett J. Different Functions of Rape Myth Use in Court: Findings From a Trial Observation Study. Feminist Criminology. 2018;13:205–26. doi: 10.1177/1557085116661627
135
Reece H. Rape Myths: Is Elite Opinion Right and Popular Opinion Wrong? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 2013;33:445–73. doi: 10.1093/ojls/gqt006
136
Conaghan J, Russell Y. Rape Myths, Law, and Feminist Research: ‘Myths About Myths’? Feminist Legal Studies. 2014;22:25–48. doi: 10.1007/s10691-014-9259-z
137
Conaghan J. Investigating rape: human rights and police accountability. Legal Studies. 2017;37:54–77. doi: 10.1111/lest.12141
138
A gap or a chasm? Attrition in reported rape cases. Home Office Research Study 293.
139
Susan Leahy1. ‘No Means No’, But Where’s the Force? Addressing the Challenges of Formally Recognising Non-violent Sexual Coercion as a Serious Criminal Offence. Journal of Criminal Law. ;78.
140
Larcombe W, Fileborn B, Powell A, et al. ‘I Think it’s Rape and I Think He Would be Found Not Guilty’. Social & Legal Studies. 2016;25:611–29. doi: 10.1177/0964663916647442
141
Ellison L, Munro VE, Hohl K, et al. Challenging criminal justice? Psychosocial disability and rape victimization. Criminology & Criminal Justice. 2015;15:225–44. doi: 10.1177/1748895814543535
142
Ellison L, Munro VE. ‘Telling tales’: exploring narratives of life and law within the (mock) jury room. Legal Studies. 2015;35:201–25. doi: 10.1111/lest.12051
143
Gunby C, Carline A, Beynon C. Regretting it After? Focus Group Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption, Nonconsensual Sex and False Allegations of Rape. Social & Legal Studies. 2013;22:87–106. doi: 10.1177/0964663912459293
144
Damon Mitchell, Richard Hirschman and Gordon C. Nagayama Hall. Attributions of Victim Responsibility, Pleasure, and Trauma in Male Rape. The Journal of Sex Research. 1999;36.
145
Temkin, J. Prosecuting and Defending Rape: Perspectives from the Bar. Journal of Law and Society,.
146
Rape and Sexual Offences | The Crown Prosecution Service. https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/rape-and-sexual-offences
147
Angiolini E. Report of the Independent Review into The Investigation and Prosecution of Rape in London | The Crown Prosecution Service. https://www.cps.gov.uk/publication/report-independent-review-investigation-and-prosecution-rape-london-rt-hon-dame-elish
148
Forging the links: Rape investigation and prosecution - HMICFRS. https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/publications/forging-the-links-rape-investigation-and-prosecution/
149
Naughton M. Perspectives and Definitions. The innocent and the criminal justice system: a sociological analysis of miscarriages of justice. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2013.
150
Naughton M. Rethinking miscarriages of justice: beyond the tip of the iceberg. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2007.
151
Naughton M. Introduction. The Criminal Cases Review Commission: Hope for the Innocent?. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK 2012.
152
Naughton M. The Importance of Innocence for the Criminal Justice System. The Criminal Cases Review Commission: Hope for the Innocent?. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK 2012.
153
The Governance of Britain: Review of the Executive Royal Prerogative Powers: Final Report.
154
Noël Sweeney. Adolf Beck: The Ghost of Justice. Criminal Law and Justice Weekly (formerly Justice of the Peace).
155
Shell Shock and the case of Harry Farr - YouTube. 2007.
156
G.R. Rubin. Posthumous pardons, the Home Office and the Timothy Evans case. Criminal Law Review. 2007;41–59.
157
Caroli P. The Thin Line between Transitional Justice and Memory Activism: The Case of the German and British ‘Pardons’ for Convicted Homosexuals. International Journal of Transitional Justice. 2018;12:499–514. doi: 10.1093/ijtj/ijy014
158
Miscarriages of Justice: The Impact of Wrongful Imprisonment - JustResearch Edition no.13. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/jr/jr13/p5a.html
159
Naughton, M. The Criminal Cases Review Commission: Innocence versus Safety and the Integrity of the Criminal Justice System. Criminal Law Quarterly,.
160
Quirk H. Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence in the UK is Not the Answer. Modern Law Review. 2007;70:759–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00662.x
161
Quirk H. Don’t Mention the War: The Court of Appeal, the Criminal Cases Review Commission and Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland. The Modern Law Review. 2013;76:949–80. doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.12044
162
Roberts S. ‘Unsafe’ Convictions: Defining and Compensating Miscarriages of Justice. Modern Law Review. 2003;66:441–51. doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.6603007
163
Nobles R, Schiff D. Guilt and Innocence in the Criminal Justice System: A Comment on R (Mullen) v Secretary of State for the Home Department. Modern Law Review. 2006;69:80–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00577_2.x
164
Roderick Munday. The Province of the Prerogative of Mercy Determined. Criminal Law and Justice Weekly (formerly Justice of the Peace).
165
Devereaux S. Execution and Pardon at the Old Bailey 1730-1837. American Journal of Legal History. 2017;57:447–94. doi: 10.1093/ajlh/njx024
166
Owen Bowcott. UK issues posthumous pardons for thousands of gay men. Guardian. Published Online First: 31 January 2017.