Bibliography for HIST10042: The Medieval World BETA

@inbook{A.,_1981, address={Oxford}, title={Confession as a historical source in the thirteenth century’}, booktitle={The Writing of history in the Middle Ages: essays presented to Richard William Southern}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={A., Murray}, year={1981} }

@inbook{Abelard_1966, address={Oxford}, title={Sic et Non: Prologue}, booktitle={Sources for the history of medieval Europe from the mid-eighth to the mid-thirteenth century}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Abelard, Peter}, year={1966} }

@book{Abelard_Héloïse_2003, address={London}, edition={[Rev ed.]}, title={The letters of Abelard and Heloise}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Abelard, Peter and Héloïse}, year={2003} }

@book{Abelard_Radice_Clanchy_Abelard_Héloïse_2003, address={London}, edition={[Rev ed.]}, title={The letters of Abelard and Heloise}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Abelard, Peter and Radice, Betty and Clanchy, M. T. and Abelard, Peter and Héloïse}, year={2003} }

@book{Abou-El-Haj_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={The medieval cult of saints: formations and transformations}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Abou-El-Haj, Barbara Fay}, year={1994} }

@book{Abulafia_2004, address={Oxford}, title={Italy in the central Middle Ages, 1000-1300}, volume={The short Oxford history of Italy}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Abulafia, David}, year={2004} }

@inbook{A.D.,_1989, address={London}, title={Anglo-Welsh relations 1066-1282}, booktitle={England and her neighbours, 1066-1453: essays in honour of Pierre Chaplais}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={A.D., Carr}, year={1989} }

@book{Aigle, address={Leiden}, title={The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality: Studies in Anthropological History}, volume={volume 11}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1826879}, publisher={Brill}, author={Aigle, Denise} }

@inbook{A.J.,_1997, address={London}, title={The merchant}, volume={The history of European society}, booktitle={The medieval world}, publisher={Parkgate}, author={A.J., Gurevich}, year={1997} }

@article{Albu_1998, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Normans and their Myths}, volume={11}, journal={The Haskins Society journal: studies in medieval history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Albu, E.}, year={1998} }

@article{Alfonso_19911101, title={Cistercians and Feudalism}, url={https://www-jstor-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/stable/650765?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents}, number={133}, journal={Past & Present}, author={Alfonso, Isabel}, year={19911101} }

@book{Ames_2009, address={Philadelphia}, title={Righteous persecution: inquisition, Dominicans, and Christianity in the Middle Ages}, volume={Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Ames, Christine Caldwell}, year={2009} }

@book{Amt_1993a, address={Woodbridge}, title={The accession of Henry II in England: royal government restored, 1149-1159}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Amt, Emilie}, year={1993} }

@book{Amt_1993b, address={New York}, title={Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Amt, Emilie}, year={1993} }

@book{Amt_2010a, address={Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon}, edition={Second edition}, title={Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Amt, Emilie}, year={2010} }

@book{Anderson_2006, address={London}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism}, publisher={Verso}, author={Anderson, Benedict R. O’G.}, year={2006} }

@book{Anderson_Zinsser_1990, address={London}, title={A history of their own: women in Europe from prehistory to the present, Vol.1}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Anderson, Bonnie S. and Zinsser, Judith P.}, year={1990} }

@book{Arnold_1985, address={Oxford}, title={German knighthood 1050-1300}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Arnold, Benjamin}, year={1985} }

@book{Arnold_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={Princes and territories in medieval Germany}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511583674}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Arnold, Benjamin}, year={1991} }

@book{Arnold_1997, address={Basingstoke}, title={Medieval Germany, 500-1300: a political interpretation}, volume={European history in perspective}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Arnold, Benjamin}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Arnold_2005a, address={London}, title={Dissent}, booktitle={Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe}, publisher={Hodder Arnold}, author={Arnold, J.H.}, year={2005}, pages={191–231} }

@book{Arnold_2005b, address={London}, title={Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe}, publisher={Hodder Arnold}, author={Arnold, John}, year={2005} }

@book{Arnold_2005c, address={London}, title={Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe}, publisher={Hodder Arnold}, author={Arnold, John}, year={2005} }

@book{Arnold_2001, address={Philadelphia}, title={Inquisition and power: Catharism and the confessing subject in medieval Languedoc}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhsxf}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Arnold, John H.}, year={2001} }

@book{Asbridge_2012, address={London}, title={The Crusades: the war for the Holy Land}, publisher={Simon & Schuster}, author={Asbridge, Thomas S.}, year={2012} }

@book{Assmann_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={Cultural memory and western civilization: functions, media, archives}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Assmann, Aleida}, year={2011} }

@article{Aston_1958, title={The Origins of the Manor in England}, volume={8}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3678909}, DOI={10.2307/3678909}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Aston, T. H.}, year={1958} }

@inbook{B_1984, address={Manchester}, title={The French scholar-lover: Heloise’}, booktitle={Medieval women writers}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={B, Radice}, year={1984} }

@inbook{B.,_1970, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Capetian France}, booktitle={France, government and society: an historical survey}, publisher={Methuen}, author={B., Smalley}, year={1970} }

@book{Baker_Hill_1978, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval women}, volume={Studies in church history / Ecclesiastical History Society. Subsidia}, publisher={Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society}, author={Baker, Derek and Hill, Rosalind M. T.}, year={1978} }

@book{BALDWIN, title={Scholastic culture of the middle ages,1000-13}, author={BALDWIN, J. W.} }

@inbook{Baldwin_1970a, title={The Chanter’s Circle at Paris}, booktitle={Masters, princes and merchants : the social views of Peter the Chanter and his circle. 1, Text}, author={Baldwin, John W.}, year={1970}, pages={17–46} }

@book{BALDWIN_1970, title={Masters, princes and merchants : the social views of Peter the Chanter and his circle. 1, Text}, author={BALDWIN, John W.}, year={1970} }

@book{Baldwin_1970b, title={Masters, princes and merchants: the social views of Peter the Chanter and his circle. 2, Notes}, author={Baldwin, John W.}, year={1970} }

@book{Baldwin_1971, address={Lexington, Mass}, title={The scholastic culture of the Middle Ages, 1000-1300}, volume={Civilization and society. Studies in social economic and cultural history}, publisher={D.C. Heath}, author={Baldwin, John W.}, year={1971} }

@book{Baldwin_1994, address={Chicago}, title={The language of sex: five voices from northern France around 1200}, volume={Chicago series on sexuality, history, and society}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Baldwin, John W.}, year={1994} }

@book{Baldwin_2000, address={Baltimore, Md}, title={Aristocratic life in medieval France: the romances of Jean Renart and Gerbert de Montreuil, 1190-1230}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Baldwin, John W.}, year={2000} }

@inbook{Baldwin_1991, address={Toronto}, title={Masters at Paris from 1179 to 1215: A social perspective}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, booktitle={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={published by University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={Baldwin, J.W.}, editor={Benson, Robert L. and Constable, Giles and Lanham, Carol Dana}, year={1991} }

@book{Bale_2010, address={London}, title={Feeling persecuted: Christians, Jews and images of violence in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Reaktion}, author={Bale, Anthony Paul}, year={2010} }

@article{Barbara H. Rosenwein and Lester K. Little_1974, title={Social Meaning in the Monastic and Mendicant Spiritualities}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639888968}, number={63}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={Barbara H. Rosenwein and Lester K. Little}, year={1974}, pages={4–32} }

@article{Barber_1982a, title={The world picture of Philip the fair}, volume={8}, url={https://www-sciencedirect-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/0304418182900045}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={1982} }

@article{Barber_1982b, title={The world picture of Philip the fair}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1016/0304-4181(82)90004-5}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={1982}, pages={13–27} }

@book{Barber_2000a, address={Harlow}, title={The Cathars: dualist heretics in Languedoc in the high Middle Ages}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2000} }

@book{Barber_2000b, address={Harlow}, title={The Cathars: dualist heretics in Languedoc in the high Middle Ages}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2000} }

@book{Barber_2004a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004} }

@book{Barber_2004b, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004} }

@book{Barber_2004c, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004} }

@book{Barber_2004d, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Barber, Malcolm}, year={2004} }

@book{Barber_1995a, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The knight and chivalry}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Barber, Richard W.}, year={1995} }

@book{Barber_1995b, address={Woodbridge}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The knight and chivalry}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Barber, Richard W.}, year={1995} }

@book{Barber_Barker_1989, address={Woodbridge}, title={Tournaments: jousts, chivalry and pageants in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Barber, Richard W. and Barker, Juliet R. V.}, year={1989} }

@book{Barker_1986a, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk, England}, title={The tournament in England, 1100-1400}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Barker, Juliet R. V.}, year={1986} }

@book{Barker_1986b, address={Woodbridge}, title={The tournament in England, 1100-1400}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Barker, Juliet R. V.}, year={1986} }

@book{Barlow_1983, address={London}, title={The Norman Conquest and beyond}, volume={History series}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1983} }

@book{Barlow_1986, address={London}, title={Thomas Becket}, publisher={Weidenfeld and Nicolson}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1986} }

@book{Barlow_1999a, address={London}, edition={5th ed}, title={The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216}, volume={A history of England}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1999} }

@book{Barlow_1999b, address={London}, edition={5th ed}, title={The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216}, volume={A history of England}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1999} }

@book{Barlow_1999c, address={London}, edition={5th ed}, title={The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216}, volume={A history of England}, publisher={Longman}, author={Barlow, Frank}, year={1999} }

@book{Barraclough_1968a, address={London}, title={The medieval papacy}, volume={Library of European civilization}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Barraclough, Geoffrey}, year={1968} }

@book{Barraclough_1968b, address={London}, title={The medieval papacy}, volume={Library of European civilization}, publisher={Thames & Hudson}, author={Barraclough, Geoffrey}, year={1968} }

@book{Barraclough_1988, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed. reissued with new bibliography}, title={The origins of modern Germany}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Barraclough, Geoffrey}, year={1988} }

@book{Barrell_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval Scotland}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=16175&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Barrell, A. D. M.}, year={2000} }

@book{Barron_Burgess_Harlaxton Symposium_2010, address={Donington}, title={Memory and commemoration in medieval England: proceedings of the 2008 Harlaxton Symposium}, volume={Harlaxton medieval studies}, publisher={Shaun Tyas}, author={Barron, Caroline M. and Burgess, Clive and Harlaxton Symposium}, year={2010} }

@article{Barrow_1966, title={The Anglo-Scottish Border}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1179/nhi.1966.1.1.21}, number={1}, journal={Northern History}, author={Barrow, G. W. S.}, year={1966}, month={Jun}, pages={21–42} }

@book{Barrow_1980, address={Oxford}, title={The Anglo-Norman era in Scottish history: the Ford lectures delivered in the University of Oxford in Hilary term, 1977}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Barrow, G. W. S.}, year={1980} }

@book{Barrow_1992, address={London}, title={Scotland and its neighbours in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Barrow, G. W. S.}, year={1992} }

@book{Barrow_2003, address={Edinburgh}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Kingship and unity: Scotland 1000-1306}, volume={The new history of Scotland}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Barrow, G. W. S.}, year={2003} }

@book{Bartlett_1982, address={Oxford}, title={Gerald of Wales, 1146-1223}, volume={Oxford historical monographs}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={1982} }

@book{Bartlett_1994a, address={London}, title={The making of Europe: conquest, colonization and cultural change, 950-1350}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={1994} }

@book{Bartlett_1994b, address={London}, title={The making of Europe: conquest, colonization and cultural change, 950 - 1350}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={1994} }

@book{Bartlett_2000, address={Oxford}, title={England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225}, volume={The new Oxford history of England}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={2000} }

@book{Bartlett_2013, address={Princeton, NJ}, title={Why can the dead do such great things?: saints and worshippers from the martyrs to the Reformation}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={2013} }

@article{Bartlett_19830701, title={Rewriting Saints’ Lives: The Case of Gerald of Wales}, volume={58}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5552828417&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0038-7134&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.atitle=Rewriting+Saints%27+Lives%3A+The+Case+of+Gerald+of+Wales&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.date=1983&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=598&rft.epage=613&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5552828417}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Bartlett, Robert}, year={19830701} }

@book{Barton_Fletcher_2000, address={Manchester}, title={The world of El Cid: chronicles of the Spanish reconquest : selected sources}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Barton, Simon and Fletcher, R. A.}, year={2000} }

@book{Bassett_1992, address={London}, title={Death in towns: urban responses to the dying and the dead, 100-1600}, publisher={Leicester University Press}, author={Bassett, Steven}, year={1992} }

@book{Bates_1982, address={London}, title={Normandy before 1066}, publisher={Longman}, author={Bates, David}, year={1982} }

@book{Bautier_1971, address={London}, title={The economic development of medieval Europe}, volume={Library of European civilization}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Bautier, Robert-Henri}, year={1971} }

@book{Beaune_Cheyette_1991, address={Berkeley}, title={The birth of an ideology: myths and symbols of nation in late-medieval France}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Beaune, Colette and Cheyette, Fredric L.}, year={1991} }

@book{Beckingham_1983, address={London}, title={Between Islam and Christendom: travellers, facts and legends in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance}, volume={Collected studies series}, publisher={Variorum Reprints}, author={Beckingham, C. F.}, year={1983} }

@article{Bedos-Rezak_2000, title={Medieval Identity: A Sign and a Concept}, volume={105}, DOI={10.2307/2652028}, number={5}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={Bedos-Rezak, Brigitte Miriam}, year={2000} }

@book{Bennett_1987, address={New York}, title={Women in the medieval English countryside: gender and household in Brigstock before the plague}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bennett, Judith M.}, year={1987} }

@book{Bennett_1989, address={Chicago}, title={Sisters and workers in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Bennett, Judith M.}, year={1989} }

@book{Bennett_1937, address={Cambridge}, title={The early Dominicans: studies in thirteenth century Dominican history}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bennett, R. F.}, year={1937} }

@inbook{Benton_1982a, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Consciousness of self and perceptions of individuality}, booktitle={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Benton, J. F.}, year={1982}, pages={263–295} }

@inbook{Benton_1982b, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Consciousness of self and perceptions of individuality}, booktitle={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Benton, J. F.}, year={1982}, pages={263–295} }

@inbook{Benton_1975, address={Paris}, title={Fraud, Fiction and Borrowing in the Correspondence of Abelard and Heloise}, volume={Colloques internationaux du Centre national de la recherche scientifique}, booktitle={Pierre Abélard, Pierre le Vénérable: les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XIIe siècle ; [actes et mémoires du Colloque international], Abbaye de Cluny, 2 au 9 juillet 1972}, publisher={Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique}, author={Benton, J.F.}, year={1975}, pages={469–511} }

@article{Benton_Prosperetti_1975, address={Berkeley}, title={The style of the Historia Calamitatum}, volume={6}, journal={Viator}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Benton, J.F. and Prosperetti, F.E.}, year={1975} }

@book{Beresford_1967a, address={London}, title={New towns of the Middle Ages: town plantation in England, Wales and Gascony}, publisher={Lutterworth Press}, author={Beresford, Maurice}, year={1967} }

@book{Beresford_1967b, address={London}, title={New towns of the Middle Ages: town plantation in England, Wales and Gascony}, publisher={Lutterworth Press}, author={Beresford, Maurice}, year={1967} }

@book{Bernstein_1986, address={London}, title={The mystery of the Bayeux Tapestry}, publisher={Weidenfeld and Nicolson}, author={Bernstein, David J.}, year={1986} }

@book{Biller_Hudson_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Heresy and literacy, 1000-1530}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval literature}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Biller, Peter and Hudson, Anne}, year={1994} }

@book{Biller_Minnis_1998, address={Woodbridge}, title={Handling sin: Confession in the Middle Ages}, volume={York studies in medieval theology}, publisher={York Medieval Press}, author={Biller, Peter and Minnis, A. J.}, year={1998} }

@book{Binski_1996, address={London}, title={Medieval death: ritual and representation}, publisher={British Museum Press}, author={Binski, Paul}, year={1996} }

@book{Birch_1998a, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Pilgrimage to Rome in the Middle Ages: continuity and change}, volume={v. 13}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Birch, Debra J.}, year={1998} }

@book{Birch_1998b, address={Woodbridge}, title={Pilgrimage to Rome in the Middle Ages: continuity and change}, volume={Studies in the history of medieval religion}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Birch, Debra J.}, year={1998} }

@article{Bisson_1978, title={The Problem of Feudal Monarchy: Aragon, Catalonia, and France}, volume={53}, DOI={10.2307/2855140}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Bisson, Thomas N.}, year={1978}, month={Jul}, pages={460–478} }

@book{Bisson_1986, address={Oxford}, title={The medieval crown of Aragon: a short history}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202363.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bisson, Thomas N.}, year={1986} }

@article{Bisson_19780701, title={The Problem of Feudal Monarchy: Aragon, Catalonia, and France}, volume={53}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5552650603}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Bisson, Thomas N.}, year={19780701} }

@inbook{B.K.U.,_2001, address={Woodbridge}, title={Kingship, usurpation and propaganda in twelfth-century Europe: the case of Stephen}, volume={Anglo-Norman studies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 2000}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={B.K.U., Weiler}, year={2001} }

@book{Black_1992a, address={Cambridge}, title={Political thought in Europe, 1250-1450}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Black, Antony}, year={1992} }

@book{Black_1992b, address={Cambridge}, title={Political thought in Europe, 1250-1450}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139170178}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Black, Antony}, year={1992} }

@article{Blake_1970a, title={The Formation of the ‘Crusade Idea’}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900048429}, number={01}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Blake, E. O.}, year={1970}, pages={11–31} }

@article{Blake_1970b, title={The Formation of the ?Crusade Idea?}, volume={21}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-ecclesiastical-history/article/formation-of-the-crusade-idea/CD3E0BEB0B09139F53F57A8345092805}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900048429}, number={01}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Blake, E. O.}, year={1970}, month={Jan}, pages={11–31} }

@article{Blake_197001, title={The Formation of the ‘Crusade Idea’}, volume={21}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/external-search?queryString=Blake, Formation of crusading idea&clusterResults=on&stickyFacetsChecked=on#/oclc/8272647407}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900048429}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Blake, E. O.}, year={197001} }

@book{Blanks_Frassetto_1999a, address={New York}, edition={1st ed}, title={Western views of Islam in medieval and early modern Europe: perception of other}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=308381}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Blanks, David R. and Frassetto, Michael}, year={1999} }

@book{Blanks_Frassetto_1999b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Western views of Islam in medieval and early modern Europe: perception of other}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=308381}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Blanks, David R. and Frassetto, Michael}, year={1999} }

@book{Bloch_2014, title={Feudal Society}, url={https://www-taylorfrancis-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/books/9781315772165}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bloch, Marc}, year={2014} }

@book{Bloch_Manyon_Koziol_2014a, address={London}, title={Feudal society}, volume={Routledge classics}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315772165}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bloch, Marc and Manyon, L. A. and Koziol, Geoffrey}, year={2014} }

@book{Bloch_Manyon_Koziol_2014b, address={London}, title={Feudal society}, volume={Routledge classics}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315772165}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bloch, Marc and Manyon, L. A. and Koziol, Geoffrey}, year={2014} }

@book{Bloch_2003, address={Chicago}, title={The anonymous Marie de France}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Bloch, R. Howard}, year={2003} }

@book{Bloomberg_2000, address={New York}, title={The Jewish world in the Middle Ages}, publisher={KTAV Publishing House}, author={Bloomberg, Jon}, year={2000} }

@book{Blumenthal_1988, address={Philadelphia [Pa.]}, title={The investiture controversy: church and monarchy from the ninth to the twelfth century}, volume={Middle Ages series}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fht77}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Blumenthal, Uta-Renate}, year={1988} }

@inbook{Boase_1933, address={London}, title={Boniface VIII}, volume={Makers of the Middle Ages}, publisher={Constable}, author={Boase, Thomas S. R.}, year={1933} }

@book{Bolton_1995, address={Aldershot}, title={Innocent III: studies on papal authority and pastoral care}, volume={Variorum collected studies series}, publisher={Variorum}, author={Bolton, Brenda}, year={1995} }

@book{Bolton_2012, address={Manchester}, title={Money in the medieval English economy 973-1489}, volume={Manchester medieval studies}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Bolton, J. L.}, year={2012} }

@book{Bolton, address={Manchester}, title={Money in the medieval English economy 973-1489}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Bolton, J. L.} }

@article{Boone_2002, title={Urban Space and Political Conflict in Late Medieval Flanders}, volume={32}, DOI={10.1162/002219502317345538}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Interdisciplinary History}, author={Boone, Marc}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={621–640} }

@article{Boone_20020401, title={Urban Space and Political Conflict in Late Medieval Flanders}, volume={32}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5549048478&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0022-1953&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.atitle=Urban+Space+and+Political+Conflict+in+Late+Medieval+Flanders&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=621&rft.epage=640&rft.issn=0022-1953&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5549048478}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Interdisciplinary History}, author={Boone, Marc}, year={20020401} }

@book{Boswell_Jordan_2015, address={Chicago}, edition={Thirty-fifth anniversary edition}, title={Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: gay people in western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century}, publisher={The University of Chicago Press}, author={Boswell, John and Jordan, Mark D.}, year={2015} }

@book{Bouchard_1987, address={Ithaca,N.Y.}, title={Sword, miter, and cloister: nobility and the church in Burgundy, 980-1198}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Bouchard, Constance Brittain}, year={1987} }

@book{Bouchard_1998, address={Ithaca}, title={‘Strong of body, brave and noble’: chivalry and society in medieval France}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Bouchard, Constance Brittain}, year={1998} }

@book{Bouchard_2003, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={‘Every valley shall be exalted’: the discourse of opposites in twelfth-century thought}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Bouchard, Constance Brittain}, year={2003} }

@book{Bouchard_2009, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={Holy entrepreneurs: Cistercians, knights, and economic exchange in twelfth-century Burgundy}, volume={Cornell paperbacks}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Bouchard, Constance Brittain}, year={2009} }

@book{Bradbury_1998a, address={Stroud}, title={The Battle of Hastings}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Bradbury, Jim}, year={1998} }

@book{Bradbury_1998b, address={London}, title={Philip Augustus: King of France, 1180-1223}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Bradbury, Jim}, year={1998} }

@book{Bradbury_2009, address={Stroud}, title={Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139-53}, publisher={History Press}, author={Bradbury, Jim}, year={2009} }

@book{Braet_Verbeke_1983, address={Leuven}, title={Death in the middle ages}, volume={Mediaevalia Lovaniensia}, publisher={Leuven University Press}, author={Braet, Herman and Verbeke, Werner}, year={1983} }

@book{Britnell_1993, address={Cambridge}, title={The commercialisation of English Society, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Britnell, R. H.}, year={1993} }

@book{Britnell_1996a, address={Manchester, UK}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The commercialisation of English society, 1000-1500}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Britnell, R. H.}, year={1996} }

@book{Britnell_1996b, address={Manchester}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The commercialisation of English society, 1000 - 1500}, volume={Manchester medieval studies}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Britnell, R. H.}, year={1996} }

@book{Britnell_Campbell_1995, address={Manchester}, title={A Commercialising economy: England 1086 to c. 1300}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Britnell, R. H. and Campbell, Bruce M. S.}, year={1995} }

@article{Brooke_19560101, title={Gregorian Reform in Action: Clerical Marriage in England, 1050-1200}, volume={12}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5548995241&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A1474-6913&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=C&rft.auinitm=N&rft.atitle=Gregorian+Reform+in+Action%3A+Clerical+Marriage+in+England%2C+1050-1200&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+Historical+Journal&rft.date=1956&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=21&rft.issn=1474-6913&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5548995241}, number={1}, journal={The Cambridge Historical Journal}, author={Brooke, C. N. L.}, year={19560101} }

@book{Brooke_1969a, address={London}, title={The twelfth century renaissance}, volume={Library of European civilization}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1969} }

@book{Brooke_1969b, address={London}, title={The twelfth century renaissance}, volume={Library of European civilization}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1969} }

@book{Brooke_1974, address={New York}, title={The monastic world, 1000-1300}, publisher={Random House}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1974} }

@book{Brooke_1989a, address={Oxford}, title={The medieval idea of marriage}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205043.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1989} }

@book{Brooke_1989b, address={Oxford}, title={The medieval idea of marriage}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205043.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1989} }

@book{Brooke_1994, address={Oxford}, title={The medieval idea of marriage}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1994} }

@book{Brooke_2000, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Europe in the central Middle Ages, 962-1154}, volume={A general history of Europe}, publisher={Longman}, author={Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={2000} }

@book{Brooke_1975, address={London}, title={The coming of the friars}, volume={Historical problems}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Brooke, Rosalind B.}, year={1975} }

@book{Brooke_Brooke_1984, address={London}, title={Popular religion in the Middle Ages: Western Europe 1000-1300}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Brooke, Rosalind B. and Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1984} }

@inbook{Brooks_Walker_1997, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Authority and Interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry}, booktitle={The study of the Bayeux Tapestry}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Brooks, N.P. and Walker, H.E.}, year={1997}, pages={63–92} }

@article{Brown_1974, title={The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe}, volume={79}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4646539834}, number={4}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={Brown, Elizabeth A. R.}, year={1974}, month={Oct} }

@book{Brown_1973a, address={London}, title={Origins of English feudalism}, volume={19}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Brown, R. Allen}, year={1973} }

@book{Brown_1973b, address={London}, title={Origins of English feudalism}, volume={Historical problems}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Brown, R. Allen}, year={1973} }

@book{Brown_1988, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: history and bibliography}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Brown, Shirley Ann}, year={1988} }

@book{Browning, address={Washington, D.C.}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The Byzantine Empire}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Browning, Robert} }

@book{Bruce_2007, address={Cambridge}, title={Silence and sign language in medieval monasticism: the Cluniac tradition c. 900-1200}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/silence-and-sign-language-in-medieval-monasticism/24F1883B33891602C2DAFF8F40B4272B}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bruce, Scott G.}, year={2007} }

@book{Brundage_1987a, address={Chicago}, title={Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Brundage, James A.}, year={1987} }

@book{Brundage_1987b, address={Chicago}, title={Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=432200}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Brundage, James A.}, year={1987} }

@book{Brundage_1993, address={Aldershot}, title={Sex, law and marriage in the Middle Ages}, volume={Collected studies series}, publisher={Variorum}, author={Brundage, James A.}, year={1993} }

@book{Bruschi_Biller_2003, address={Woodbridge}, title={Texts and the repression of Medieval heresy}, volume={York studies in medieval theology}, publisher={York Medieval Press}, author={Bruschi, Caterina and Biller, Peter}, year={2003} }

@book{Bruun_2013, address={Cambridge}, title={The Cambridge companion to the Cistercian order}, volume={The Cambridge companions to philosophy, religion and culture}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCO9780511735899}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bruun, Mette Birkedal}, year={2013} }

@article{Bull_1993a, title={The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade}, volume={78}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1993.tb02249.x}, number={254}, journal={History}, author={Bull, Marcus}, year={1993}, pages={353–372} }

@book{Bull_1993b, address={Oxford}, title={Knightly piety and the lay response to the First Crusade: the Limousin and Gascony, c.970-c.1130}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bull, Marcus Graham}, year={1993} }

@book{Bull_1993c, address={Oxford}, title={Knightly piety and the lay response to the First Crusade: the Limousin and Gascony, c.970-c.1130}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Bull, Marcus Graham}, year={1993} }

@book{Bull_1999, address={Woodbridge}, title={The miracles of Our Lady of Rocamadour: analysis and translation}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Bull, Marcus Graham}, year={1999} }

@book{Bull_2002, address={Oxford}, title={France in the central Middle Ages, 900-1200}, volume={The short Oxford history of France}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Bull, Marcus Graham}, year={2002} }

@book{Bull_2005, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Thinking medieval: an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Bull, Marcus Graham}, year={2005} }

@article{Bullough_1973, address={Berkeley}, title={Medieval medical and scientific views of women}, volume={4}, journal={Viator}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Bullough, V.}, year={1973} }

@book{Bullough_Brundage_1982, address={Buffalo, N.Y.}, title={Sexual practices & the medieval church}, publisher={Prometheus Books}, author={Bullough, Vern L. and Brundage, James A.}, year={1982} }

@book{Bumke_1982, address={New York}, title={The concept of knighthood in the Middle Ages}, volume={AMS studies in the Middle Ages}, publisher={AMS}, author={Bumke, Joachim}, year={1982} }

@book{Burgess_1990, address={London}, title={The song of Roland}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Burgess, Glyn S.}, year={1990} }

@book{Burgess_Busby_Marie_1999, address={London}, edition={2nd ed. with two further lais in the original Old French}, title={The Lais of Marie de France}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Burgess, Glyn S. and Busby, Keith and Marie}, year={1999} }

@book{Burl_2002, address={Stroud}, title={God’s heretics: the Albigensian Crusade}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Burl, Aubrey}, year={2002} }

@book{Burnham_2008a, address={Ithaca}, title={So great a light, so great a smoke: the Beguin heretics of Languedoc}, volume={Conjunctions of religion and power in the medieval past}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Burnham, Louisa A.}, year={2008} }

@book{Burnham_2008b, address={Ithaca}, title={So great a light, so great a smoke: the Beguin heretics of Languedoc}, volume={Conjunctions of religion and power in the medieval past}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Burnham, Louisa A.}, year={2008} }

@book{Burns_1973, address={Princeton, N.J}, title={Islam under the crusaders: colonial survival in the thirteenth-century Kingdom of Valencia}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Burns, Robert I.}, year={1973} }

@book{Burr_2001, address={University Park}, title={The spiritual Franciscans: from protest to persecution in the century after Saint Francis}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Burr, David}, year={2001} }

@book{Burton_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Monastic and religious orders in Britain, 1000-1300}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139170109}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Burton, Janet E.}, year={1994} }

@book{Burton_1996, address={Witney}, title={Medieval monasticism: monasticism in the medieval West : from its origins to the coming of the friars}, volume={Headstart history papers}, publisher={Headstart History}, author={Burton, Janet E.}, year={1996} }

@book{Burton_Kerr_2011a, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK}, title={The Cistercians in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Burton, Janet E. and Kerr, Julie}, year={2011} }

@book{Burton_Kerr_2011b, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Cistercians in the Middle Ages}, volume={Monastic orders}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt81g36}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Burton, Janet E. and Kerr, Julie}, year={2011} }

@article{Bynum_1980a, title={Did the Twelfth Century Discover the Individual?}, volume={31}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-ecclesiastical-history/article/did-the-twelfth-century-discover-the-individual1/5856C5F1BE5160F9A59310BE0EB8A065}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900036186}, number={01}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Bynum, Caroline Walker}, year={1980}, month={Jan}, pages={1–17} }

@article{Bynum_1980b, title={Did the Twelfth Century Discover the Individual?}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900036186}, number={01}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Bynum, Caroline Walker}, year={1980}, month={Jan}, pages={1–17} }

@book{Bynum_1982a, address={Berkeley}, title={Jesus as mother: studies in the spirituality of the High Middle Ages}, volume={Publications of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, UCLA}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Bynum, Caroline Walker}, year={1982} }

@book{Bynum_1982b, address={Berkeley}, title={Jesus as mother: studies in the spirituality of the High Middle Ages}, volume={Publications of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, UCLA}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Bynum, Caroline Walker}, year={1982} }

@inbook{C.,_1985, address={Cambridge}, title={Orderic, Traditional Monk and the New Monasticism}, booktitle={Tradition and change: essays in honour of Marjorie Chibnall presented by her friends on the occasion of her seventieth birthday}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={C., Holdsworth}, year={1985} }

@inbook{C.,_1997, address={London}, title={Women and the family}, volume={The history of European society}, booktitle={The medieval world}, publisher={Parkgate}, author={C., Klapisch-Zuber}, year={1997} }

@inbook{C.,_1995, address={Woodbridge}, title={Pulzelle e maritate: coming of age, rites of passage, and the question of marriage in some early Italian poems’}, booktitle={Matrons and marginal women in medieval society}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={C., Kleinhenz}, year={1995} }

@inbook{C.,_1987, address={Toronto}, title={Chapter 4}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, booktitle={The discovery of the individual, 1050-1200}, publisher={University of Toronto Press, in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={C., Morris}, year={1987} }

@inbook{C.,_2010, address={Woodbridge}, title={Atque unum ex diversis gentibus populum effecit: Historical Tradition and the Norman Identity’}, volume={Anglo-Norman studies}, booktitle={Anglo-Norman studies XXXII: proceedings of the Battle Conference 2009}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={C., Potts}, year={2010} }

@article{C. R. Cheney_1936, title={The Punishment of Felonous Clerks}, volume={51}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/553518?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={202}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University PressOxford University Press}, author={C. R. Cheney}, year={1936}, pages={215–236} }

@article{19781001, title={The Rise of Administrative Kingship: Henry I and Philip Augustus}, volume={83}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5545189048}, number={4}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={C. Warren Hollister}, year={19781001} }

@article{Campbell, Gerard J._1959, title={THE PROTEST OF SAINT LOUIS}, volume={15}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5792268165}, journal={Traditio}, author={Campbell, Gerard J.}, year={1959}, pages={405–418} }

@article{Campbell_1960, title={The Attitude of the Monarchy Toward the Use of Ecclesiastical Censures in the Reign of Saint Louis}, volume={35}, DOI={10.2307/2846551}, number={4}, journal={Speculum}, author={Campbell, Gerard J.}, year={1960}, month={Oct}, pages={535–555} }

@book{Campbell_1991, address={Ithaca}, title={The witness and the other world: exotic European travel writing, 400-1600}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Campbell, Mary B.}, year={1991} }

@article{Carpenter_1985, title={King, Magnates, and Society: The Personal Rule of King Henry III, 1234-1258}, volume={60}, DOI={10.2307/2852133}, number={1}, journal={Speculum}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={1985}, month={Jan}, pages={39–70} }

@article{CARPENTER_1991, title={Simon de Montfort: The First Leader of a Political Movement in English History}, volume={76}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1991.tb01531.x}, number={246}, journal={History}, author={CARPENTER, D. A.}, year={1991}, month={Feb}, pages={3–23} }

@book{Carpenter_1996a, address={London}, title={The reign of Henry III}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={1996} }

@book{Carpenter_1996b, address={London}, title={The reign of Henry III}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={1996} }

@book{Carpenter_2004a, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain, 1066-1284}, volume={Penguin history of Britain}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={2004} }

@book{Carpenter_2004b, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain, 1066-1284}, volume={Penguin history of Britain}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={2004} }

@book{Carpenter_2004c, address={London}, title={The struggle for mastery: Britain, 1066-1284}, volume={Penguin history of Britain}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={2004} }

@article{Carpenter_2011, title={Archbishop Langton and Magna Carta: His Contribution, His Doubts and His Hypocrisy}, volume={CXXVI}, url={https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ehr/cer258}, DOI={10.1093/ehr/cer258}, number={522}, journal={The English Historical Review}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={1041–1065} }

@article{Carpenter_19850101, title={King, Magnates, and Society: The Personal Rule of King Henry III, 1234-1258}, volume={60}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5545522346}, number={1}, journal={Speculum}, author={Carpenter, D. A.}, year={19850101} }

@book{Carpenter_2015, address={London, England}, title={Magna Carta}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Carpenter, David}, year={2015} }

@book{Carruthers_2002, address={Philadelphia, Pa}, title={The medieval craft of memory: an anthology of texts and pictures}, volume={Material texts}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Carruthers, Mary J.}, editor={Ziolkowski, Jan M.}, year={2002} }

@book{Carruthers_2008, address={Cambridge}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The book of memory: a study of memory in medieval culture}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval literature}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107051126}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Carruthers, Mary J.}, year={2008} }

@book{Catlos_2004, address={Cambridge}, title={The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050-1300}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496424}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Catlos, Brian A.}, year={2004} }

@book{Chazan_1980, address={New York}, title={Church, state, and Jew in the Middle Ages}, volume={Library of Jewish studies}, publisher={Behrman House}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={1980} }

@book{Chazan_1987, address={Berkeley}, title={European Jewry and the First Crusade}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={1987} }

@book{Chazan_1989, address={Berkeley}, title={Daggers of faith: thirteenth-century Christian missionizing and Jewish response}, url={http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0w1003jg&brand=ucpress}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={1989} }

@book{Chazan_1992, address={Berkeley}, title={Barcelona and Beyond: the disputation of 1263 and its aftermath}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={1992} }

@book{Chazan_1997, address={Berkeley}, title={Medieval stereotypes and modern antisemitism}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={1997} }

@book{Chazan_2003, address={Cambridge}, title={Fashioning Jewish identity in medieval western Christendom}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511496431}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={2003} }

@book{Chazan_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={The Jews of medieval western Christendom, 1000-1500}, volume={Cambridge Medieval textbooks}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818325}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={2006} }

@book{Chazan_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Reassessing Jewish Life in Medieval Europe}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511778902}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Chazan, Robert}, year={2010} }

@article{Cheney_1967, title={England and the Roman Curia under Innocent III}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900070986}, number={02}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Cheney, C. R.}, year={1967}, month={Oct}, pages={173–186} }

@book{Cheney_1976, address={Stuttgart}, title={Pope Innocent III and England}, volume={Päpste und Papsttum}, publisher={Hiersemann}, author={Cheney, C. R.}, year={1976} }

@book{Chenu_Little_Taylor_Medieval Academy of America_1997, address={Toronto}, title={Nature, man and society in the twelfth century: essays on new theological perspectives in the Latin West}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, publisher={University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={Chenu, Marie-Dominique and Little, Lester K. and Taylor, Jerome and Medieval Academy of America}, year={1997} }

@book{Chibnall_1984, address={Oxford}, title={The world of Orderic Vitalis}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1984} }

@book{Chibnall_1986, address={Oxford}, title={Anglo-Norman England 1066-1166}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1986} }

@book{Chibnall_1999a, address={Manchester}, title={The debate on the Norman Conquest}, volume={Issues in historiography}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1999} }

@book{Chibnall_1999b, address={Manchester}, title={The debate on the Norman Conquest}, volume={Issues in historiography}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1999} }

@book{Chibnall_1999c, address={Manchester}, title={The debate on the Norman Conquest}, volume={Issues in historiography}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={1999} }

@book{Chibnall_Ordericus Vitalis_1969, address={Oxford}, title={The ecclesiastical history: Vol.2: Books III and IV}, volume={Oxford medieval texts}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie and Ordericus Vitalis}, year={1969} }

@book{Chrétien de Troyes_1991, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Arthurian romances}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Chrétien de Troyes}, year={1991} }

@book{Christie_Yazigi_2006, address={Leiden}, title={Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the middle ages}, volume={v. 37}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=3004201}, publisher={Brill}, author={Christie, Niall and Yazigi, Maya}, year={2006} }

@book{Church_1999, address={Woodbridge}, title={King John: new interpretations}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Church, S. D.}, year={1999} }

@book{Cipolla_1972, address={London}, title={The Fontana economic history of Europe: 1: The middle ages}, publisher={Collins/Fontana}, author={Cipolla, Carlo M.}, year={1972} }

@article{CLANCHY_1968, title={DID HENRY III HAVE A POLICY?}, volume={53}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1968.tb01218.x}, number={178}, journal={History}, author={CLANCHY, M. T.}, year={1968}, month={Jun}, pages={203–216} }

@book{Clanchy_1983a, address={London}, title={England and its rulers, 1066-1272: foreign lordship and national identity}, volume={Fontana history of England}, publisher={Fontana Press}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1983} }

@book{Clanchy_1983b, address={London}, title={England and its rulers, 1066-1272: foreign lordship and national identity}, volume={Fontana history of England}, publisher={Fontana Press}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1983} }

@book{Clanchy_1993a, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={From memory to written record: England 1066-1307}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1993} }

@book{Clanchy_1993b, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={From memory to written record: England 1066-1307}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1993} }

@book{Clanchy_1997a, address={Oxford}, title={Abelard: a medieval life}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1997} }

@book{Clanchy_1997b, address={Oxford}, title={Abelard: a medieval life}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Clanchy, M. T.}, year={1997} }

@article{Clanchy_2003a, title={Documenting the self: Abelard and the individual in history*}, volume={76}, url={http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2281.00177/full}, DOI={10.1111/1468-2281.00177}, number={193}, journal={Historical Research}, author={Clanchy, Michael}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={293–309} }

@article{Clanchy_2003b, title={Documenting the self: Abelard and the individual in history*}, volume={76}, DOI={10.1111/1468-2281.00177}, number={193}, journal={Historical Research}, author={Clanchy, Michael}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={293–309} }

@inbook{Clifford_1982, address={London}, title={Love and the supernatural: Lanval, Yonec, Bisclavret}, volume={Critical guides to French texts}, booktitle={Marie de France: Lais}, publisher={Grant & Cutler}, author={Clifford, P.}, year={1982}, pages={55–68} }

@book{Cobban_1975, address={London}, title={The medieval universities: their development and organization}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Cobban, Alan B.}, year={1975} }

@book{Cohen_2003a, address={Minneapolis, Minn., London}, title={Medieval identity machines}, volume={Medieval cultures}, publisher={University of Minnesota Press}, author={Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome}, year={2003} }

@book{Cohen_2003b, address={Minneapolis, Minn., London}, title={Medieval identity machines}, volume={Medieval cultures}, publisher={University of Minnesota Press}, author={Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome}, year={2003} }

@book{Cohn_1957, address={London}, title={The pursuit of the millennium}, publisher={Secker and Warburg}, author={Cohn, Norman}, year={1957} }

@book{Cole_1991a, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The preaching of the Crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270}, volume={Medieval Academy books}, publisher={Medieval Academy of America}, author={Cole, Penny J.}, year={1991} }

@book{Cole_1991b, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The preaching of the Crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270}, volume={Medieval Academy books}, publisher={Medieval Academy of America}, author={Cole, Penny J.}, year={1991} }

@book{Coleman_1992, address={Cambridge}, title={Ancient and medieval memories: studies in the reconstruction of the past}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511521331}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Coleman, Janet}, year={1992} }

@book{Comnena_Sewter_Frankopan_2009, address={London}, edition={Revised edition}, title={The Alexiad}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Comnena, Anna and Sewter, E. R. A. and Frankopan, Peter}, year={2009} }

@book{Compagni_Bornstein_1986, address={Philadelphia}, title={Dino Compagni’s chronicle of Florence}, volume={The Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Compagni, Dino and Bornstein, Daniel E.}, year={1986} }

@book{Connerton_1989, address={Cambridge}, title={How societies remember}, volume={Themes in the social sciences}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511628061}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Connerton, Paul}, year={1989} }

@article{Constable_1953, title={The Second Crusade as seen by Contemporaries}, volume={9}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/27830277?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=The&searchText=Second&searchText=Crusade&searchText=as&searchText=seen&searchText=by&searchText=Contemporaries&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffc%3Doff%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bprq%3Dsn%253A03621529%2BAND%2Byear%253A1954%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3BQuery%3DThe%2BSecond%2BCrusade%2Bas%2Bseen%2Bby%2BContemporaries%26amp%3Bwc%3Doff&refreqid=search%3A816039516acad3e239395f931b33aa7e&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, journal={Traditio}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Constable, Giles}, year={1953}, pages={213–279} }

@book{Constable_1991, address={Toronto}, title={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, publisher={published by University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={Constable, Giles}, editor={Constable, Giles and Lanham, Carol Dana and Benson, Robert L.}, year={1991} }

@book{Constable_1996a, address={Cambridge}, title={The reformation of the twelfth century}, volume={1985}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Constable, Giles}, year={1996} }

@book{Constable_1996b, address={Cambridge}, title={The reformation of the twelfth century}, volume={Trevelyan lectures}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Constable, Giles}, year={1996} }

@book{Constable_1996c, address={Cambridge}, title={The reformation of the twelfth century}, volume={Trevelyan lectures}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Constable, Giles}, year={1996} }

@book{Constable_2000, address={Aldershot}, title={Cluny from the tenth to the twelfth centuries: further studies}, volume={Variorum collected studies series}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Constable, Giles}, year={2000} }

@book{Constable_Peter_1967, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The letters of Peter the Venerable}, volume={Harvard historical studies}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Constable, Giles and Peter}, year={1967} }

@book{Contamine_Jones_1984, address={Oxford}, title={War in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Contamine, Philippe and Jones, Michael}, year={1984} }

@book{Coppack_1998, address={Stroud}, title={The white monks: the Cistercians in Britain, 1128-1540}, publisher={Tempus}, author={Coppack, Glyn}, year={1998} }

@book{Coss_1993, address={Stroud}, title={The knight in medieval England, 1000-1400}, publisher={Alan Sutton}, author={Coss, Peter R.}, year={1993} }

@book{Costen_1997a, address={Manchester}, title={The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Costen, Michael D.}, year={1997} }

@book{Costen_1997b, address={Manchester}, title={The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Costen, Michael D.}, year={1997} }

@article{Cowdrey_1965, title={Unions and Confraternity with Cluny}, volume={16}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-ecclesiastical-history/article/unions-and-confraternity-with-cluny/DE1276232FF2366834C1DAD698468476}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900053987}, number={02}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1965}, month={Oct}, pages={152–162} }

@book{Cowdrey_1970a, address={Oxford}, title={The Cluniacs and the Gregorian reform}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1970} }

@book{Cowdrey_1970b, address={Oxford}, title={The Cluniacs and the Gregorian reform}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1970} }

@article{Cowdrey_1970c, title={Pope Urban II’s preaching of the First Crusade}, volume={55}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1970.tb02491.x}, number={184}, journal={History}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1970}, pages={177–188} }

@book{Cowdrey_1998, address={Oxford}, title={Pope Gregory VII, 1073-1085}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206460.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Cowdrey, H. E. J.}, year={1998} }

@book{Cronne_1970, address={London}, title={The reign of Stephen, 1135-54: anarchy in England}, volume={Studies in medieval history}, publisher={Weidenfeld & Nicolson}, author={Cronne, H A.}, year={1970} }

@book{Crouch_1990, address={London}, title={William Marshal: court, career and chivalry in the Angevin Empire 1147-1219}, volume={Medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Crouch, David}, year={1990} }

@book{Crouch_1992, address={London}, title={The image of aristocracy in Britain, 1000-1300}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Crouch, David}, year={1992} }

@book{Crouch_2000, address={Harlow}, title={The reign of King Stephen, 1135-1154}, publisher={Longman}, author={Crouch, David}, year={2000} }

@book{Cushing_2005a, address={Manchester}, title={Reform and the papacy in the eleventh century: spirituality and social change}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Cushing, Kathleen G.}, year={2005} }

@book{Cushing_2005b, address={Manchester}, title={Reform and papacy in the eleventh century: spirituality and social change}, volume={Manchester medieval studies}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Cushing, Kathleen G.}, year={2005} }

@book{Cusimano_Moorhead_Suger_1992, address={Washington}, title={The deeds of Louis the Fat}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Cusimano, Richard and Moorhead, John and Suger}, year={1992} }

@inbook{D_1995, address={Woodbridge}, title={Classic knighthood as nobiliary dignity: the knighting of counts and kings’ sons in England, 1066-1272’}, booktitle={Medieval knighthood, V: papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference, 1994}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={D, Boulton}, year={1995} }

@inbook{D.,_1979, address={Oxford}, title={Sermons to the upper bourgeoisie by a thirteenth-century Franciscan}, volume={Studies in church history}, booktitle={The Church in town and countryside: papers read at the Seventeenth Summer Meeting and the Eighteenth Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, publisher={Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society}, author={D., d’Avray}, year={1979} }

@inbook{D.,_1963, address={Cambridge}, title={Cistercians and Cluniacs: the controversy between St Bernard and Peter the Venerable}, booktitle={The historian and character, and other essays}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={D., Knowles}, year={1963} }

@article{D.,_1988a, address={London}, title={From Paris to the Paraclete: The Correspondence of Abelard and Heloise’}, journal={Proceedings of the British Academy 74}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D., Luscombe}, year={1988}, pages={247–283} }

@inbook{D.,_1988b, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Imagining the self – exploring literature’}, booktitle={A history of private life}, publisher={Belknap}, author={D., Régnier-Bohler}, year={1988} }

@inbook{D.A.,_1984, address={Woodbridge}, title={What happened in 1258}, booktitle={War and government in the Middle Ages: essays in honour of J.O. Prestwich}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={D.A., Carpenter}, year={1984} }

@book{Dalton_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Conquest, anarchy and lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Dalton, Paul}, year={1994} }

@book{Daniell_1997, address={London}, title={Death and burial in medieval England, 1066 - 1550}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Daniell, Christopher}, year={1997} }

@book{Darby_1977, address={Cambridge}, title={Domesday England}, volume={The Domesday geography of England}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darby, H. C.}, year={1977} }

@book{Davies_1990, address={Cambridge}, title={Domination and conquest: the experience of Ireland, Scotland and Wales 1100-1300}, volume={Wiles lectures}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Davies, R. R.}, year={1990} }

@book{Davies_Smith_2009, address={Oxford}, title={Lords and lordship in the British Isles in the late Middle Ages}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Davies, R. R. and Smith, Brendan}, year={2009} }

@book{Davis_2012a, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval market morality: life, law and ethics in the English marketplace, 1200-1500}, url={https://www-cambridge-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/core/books/medieval-market-morality/4572AE039F5DE449E70FE06EA1C9180A}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Davis, James}, year={2012} }

@book{Davis_2012b, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval market morality: life, law and ethics in the English marketplace, 1200-1500}, url={https://www-cambridge-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/core/books/medieval-market-morality/4572AE039F5DE449E70FE06EA1C9180A}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Davis, James}, year={2012} }

@book{Davis_2012c, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval market morality: life, law and ethics in the English marketplace, 1200-1500}, url={https://www-cambridge-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/core/books/medieval-market-morality/4572AE039F5DE449E70FE06EA1C9180A}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Davis, James}, year={2012} }

@book{Davis_2012d, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval market morality: life, law and ethics in the English marketplace, 1200-1500}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511763366}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Davis, James}, year={2012} }

@article{DAVIS_1964, title={What happened in Stephen’s reign 1135–54 1135–54}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1964.tb01092.x}, number={165}, journal={History}, author={DAVIS, R. H. C.}, year={1964}, month={Jan}, pages={1–12} }

@book{Davis_1976, address={London}, title={The Normans and their myth}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Davis, R. H. C.}, year={1976} }

@book{Davis_1990, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={King Stephen, 1135-1154}, publisher={Longman}, author={Davis, R. H. C.}, year={1990} }

@book{D’Avray_2001a, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval marriage sermons: mass communication in a culture without print}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D’Avray, D. L.}, year={2001} }

@book{D’Avray_2005a, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval marriage: symbolism and society}, url={https://oxford-universitypressscholarship-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208211.001.0001/acprof-9780198208211}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D’Avray, D. L.}, year={2005} }

@book{D’Avray_1984, address={Oxford}, title={The preaching of the friars: sermons diffused from Paris before 1300}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D’Avray, David L.}, year={1984} }

@book{D’Avray_2001b, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval marriage sermons: mass communication in a culture without print}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208143.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D’Avray, David L.}, year={2001} }

@book{D’Avray_2005b, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval marriage: symbolism and society}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208211.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={D’Avray, David L.}, year={2005} }

@book{Dawson_1955, address={London}, title={The Mongol mission: narratives and letters of the Franciscan missionaries in Mongolia and China in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries}, volume={The makers of Christendom}, publisher={Sheed and Ward}, author={Dawson, Christopher}, year={1955} }

@book{De Rachewiltz_1971, address={London}, title={Papal envoys to the great Khans}, volume={Great travellers}, publisher={Faber}, author={De Rachewiltz, Igor}, year={1971} }

@book{Dean_2000, address={Manchester}, title={The towns of Italy in the later Middle Ages}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Dean, Trevor}, year={2000} }

@book{Dean_Wickham_Jones_1990, address={London}, title={City and countryside in late medieval and Renaissance Italy: essays presented to Philip Jones}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Dean, Trevor and Wickham, Chris and Jones, Philip James}, year={1990} }

@article{Denton_1997, title={Taxation and the conflict between Philip the Fair and Boniface VIII}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1093/fh/11.3.241}, number={3}, journal={French History}, author={Denton, J. H.}, year={1997}, pages={241–264} }

@article{Denton_2007, address={Louvain-la-Neuve}, title={Bernard Saisset and the Franco-papal rift of December 1301}, volume={102}, journal={Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique}, publisher={Université Catholique de Louvain}, author={Denton, J. H.}, year={2007} }

@book{Dobson_1996, address={York}, edition={[Rev. ed.]}, title={The Jews of medieval York and the Massacre of March 1190}, volume={Borthwick papers}, publisher={University of York}, author={Dobson, R. B.}, year={1996} }

@book{Douglas_1969a, address={London}, title={The Norman achievement, 1050-1100}, publisher={Eyre & Spottiswoode}, author={Douglas, David C.}, year={1969} }

@book{Douglas_1969b, address={London}, title={William the Conqueror: the Norman impact upon England}, volume={University paperbacks}, publisher={Methuen in association with Eyre & Spottiswoode}, author={Douglas, David C.}, year={1969} }

@book{Douglas_Greenaway_1981a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={English historical documents}, publisher={Eyre Methuen}, author={Douglas, David C. and Greenaway, George W.}, year={1981} }

@book{Douglas_Greenaway_1981b, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={English historical documents: vol. 2}, volume={2}, publisher={Eyre Methuen}, author={Douglas, David C. and Greenaway, George W.}, year={1981} }

@book{Dronke_1976, address={[Glasgow]}, title={Abelard and Heloise in medieval testimonies}, volume={W.P. Ker memorial lecture}, publisher={University of Glasgow Press}, author={Dronke, Peter}, year={1976} }

@book{Dronke_1984, address={Cambridge}, title={Women writers of the Middle Ages: a critical study of texts from Perpetua (d.203) to Marguerite Porete (d.1310)}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Dronke, Peter}, year={1984} }

@book{DuBruck_Gusick_1999, address={New York}, title={Death and dying in the Middle Ages}, volume={Studies in the humanities}, publisher={Peter Lang}, author={DuBruck, Edelgard E. and Gusick, Barbara I.}, year={1999} }

@book{Duby_1974a, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={The early growth of the European economy: warriors and peasants from the seventh to the twelfth century}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1974} }

@book{Duby_1974b, address={London}, title={The early growth of the European economy: warriors and peasants from the seventh to the twelfth century}, volume={World economic history}, publisher={Weidenfeld & Nicolson}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1974} }

@book{Duby_1977, address={London}, title={The chivalrous society}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1977} }

@book{Duby_1978, address={Baltimore}, title={Medieval marriage: two models from twelfth-century France}, volume={The Johns Hopkins symposia in comparative history}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1978} }

@book{Duby_1990, address={Cambridge}, title={The legend of Bouvines: war, religion and culture in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1990} }

@book{Duby_1998a, address={Philadelphia, Penn}, title={Rural economy and country life in the Medieval west}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1998} }

@book{Duby_1998b, address={Philadelphia}, title={Rural economy and country life in the medieval West}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1998} }

@book{Duby_1998c, address={Philadelphia}, title={Rural economy and country life in the medieval West}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Duby, Georges}, year={1998} }

@book{Duby_Bray_1984, address={London}, title={The knight, the lady and the priest: the making of modern marriage in medieval France}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Duby, Georges and Bray, Barbara}, year={1984} }

@book{Duby_Perrot_Klapisch-Zuber_1992, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={A history of women in the West}, publisher={Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, author={Duby, Georges and Perrot, Michelle and Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane}, year={1992} }

@book{Duggan_2004, address={London}, title={Thomas Becket}, volume={Reputations}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Duggan, Anne J.}, year={2004} }

@article{Duggan_1962, title={The Becket Dispute and the Criminous Clerks}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-2281.1962.tb01411.x}, number={91}, journal={Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research}, author={Duggan, Charles}, year={1962}, pages={1–28} }

@book{Dunbabin_2000, edition={2nd ed}, title={France in the making, 843-1180}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208464.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Dunbabin, Jean}, year={2000} }

@book{Duncan_1975, address={Edinburgh}, title={Scotland: the making of a kingdom}, volume={The Edinburgh history of Scotland}, publisher={Oliver & Boyd}, author={Duncan, Archibald A. M.}, year={1975} }

@inbook{1996, address={London}, title={Peasants and the Development of the Manor}, volume={Studies of the German Historical Institute London}, booktitle={England and Germany in the High Middle Ages}, publisher={German Historical Institute}, author={Dyer, C., and Lords}, year={1996} }

@book{Dyer_1989a, address={Cambridge [England]}, title={Standards of living in the later Middle Ages: social change in England, c. 1200-1520}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Dyer, Christopher}, year={1989} }

@book{Dyer_1989b, address={Cambridge}, title={Standards of living in the later Middle Ages: social change in England c.1200-1520}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139167697}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Dyer, Christopher}, year={1989} }

@article{E. Jane, title={Courtly Love: Who Needs It? Recent Feminist Work in the Medieval French Tradition}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5548313078&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0097-9740&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=E&rft.auinitm=Jane&rft.atitle=Courtly+Love%3A+Who+Needs+It%3F+Recent+Feminist+Work+in+the+Medieval+French+Tradition&rft.jtitle=Signs&rft.date=2001&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.epage=57&rft.issn=0097-9740&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5548313078}, author={E. Jane, Burns}, pages={23–57} }

@book{Edbury_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511562402}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Edbury, Peter W.}, year={1991} }

@book{Edbury_1997, address={Woodbridge}, title={John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Edbury, Peter W.}, year={1997} }

@book{Edbury_Rowe_1988, address={Cambridge}, title={William of Tyre: historian of the Latin East}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511562419}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Edbury, Peter W. and Rowe, John Gordon}, year={1988} }

@article{19741001, title={The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe}, volume={79}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5545187895&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0002-8762&rft.aulast=Elizabeth&rft.aufirst=A&rft.auinitm=Brown&rft.atitle=The+Tyranny+of+a+Construct%3A+Feudalism+and+Historians+of+Medieval+Europe&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.date=1974&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1063&rft.epage=1088&rft.issn=0002-8762&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5545187895}, number={4}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={Elizabeth A. R. Brown}, year={19741001} }

@book{Elliott_1993, address={Princeton}, title={Spiritual marriage: sexual abstinence in medieval wedlock}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Elliott, Dyan}, year={1993} }

@article{E.M.,_1977, address={Amsterdam}, title={The conjugal debt and medieval canon law}, journal={Journal of medieval history}, publisher={North-Holland}, author={E.M., Makowski}, year={1977} }

@book{Emerton_Pope Gregory VII_1966, title={The correspondence of Pope Gregory VII}, author={Emerton, Ephraim and Pope Gregory VII}, year={1966} }

@book{Ennen_Fryde_1979, address={Amsterdam}, title={The medieval town}, volume={Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={North Holland}, author={Ennen, Edith and Fryde, Natalie}, year={1979} }

@book{Epstein_2009a, address={Cambridge, England}, title={An economic and social history of later medieval Europe, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Epstein, Steven}, year={2009} }

@book{Epstein_2009b, address={Cambridge}, title={An economic and social history of later medieval Europe, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Epstein, Steven}, year={2009} }

@book{Epstein_2009c, address={Cambridge}, title={An economic and social history of later medieval Europe, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Epstein, Steven}, year={2009} }

@book{Epstein_2009d, address={Cambridge}, title={An economic and social history of later medieval Europe, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Epstein, Steven}, year={2009} }

@book{Erler_Kowaleski_1988, address={Athens, Ga}, title={Women and power in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Georgia Press}, author={Erler, Mary Carpenter and Kowaleski, Maryanne}, year={1988} }

@book{Erll_Nünning_Young_2008, address={Berlin}, title={Cultural memory studies: an international and interdisciplinary handbook}, volume={Media and cultural memory =}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=364668}, publisher={W. de Gruyter}, author={Erll, Astrid and Nünning, Ansgar and Young, Sara B.}, year={2008} }

@inbook{Evans_1969, address={Madison}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Albigensian Crusade}, booktitle={A History of the Crusades: Vol.2, The later Crusades, 1189-1311}, publisher={University of Wisconsin Press}, author={Evans, A. P.}, year={1969} }

@book{Evans_1980, address={Oxford}, title={Old arts and new theology: the beginnings of theology as an academic discipline}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Evans, G. R.}, year={1980} }

@book{Evans_1983, address={Oxford}, title={The mind of St. Bernard of Clairvaux}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Evans, G. R.}, year={1983} }

@book{Evans_2000a, address={New York}, title={Bernard of Clairvaux}, volume={Great medieval thinkers}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Evans, G. R.}, year={2000} }

@book{Evans_2000b, address={New York}, title={Bernard of Clairvaux}, volume={Great medieval thinkers}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Evans, G. R.}, year={2000} }

@book{Evans_2003, address={Oxford}, title={A brief history of heresy}, volume={Brief histories of religion}, url={http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9780470776049}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Evans, G. R.}, year={2003} }

@book{Evans_Alanus_1981, address={Kalamazoo, Mich}, title={The art of preaching}, volume={Cistercian studies series}, publisher={Cistercian Publications}, author={Evans, G. R. and Alanus}, year={1981} }

@book{Ewan_1990, address={Edinburgh}, title={Town Life in Fourteenth-century Scotland}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Ewan, Elizabeth L.}, year={1990}, month={Jul} }

@inbook{F_1967, address={London}, title={Chapter 4}, booktitle={The Medieval town}, publisher={Batsford}, author={F, Rorig}, year={1967} }

@article{F. W. Maitland_1892, title={Henry II and the Criminous Clerks}, volume={7}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/546314?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={26}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University PressOxford University Press}, author={F. W. Maitland}, year={1892}, pages={224–234} }

@book{Farmer_1991, address={Ithaca}, title={Communities of Saint Martin: legend and ritual in medieval Tours}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Farmer, Sharon}, year={1991} }

@book{Fawtier_Butler_Adam_1960a, address={London}, title={The Capetian kings of France: monarchy & nation, 987-1328}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fawtier, Robert and Butler, Lionel and Adam, R. J.}, year={1960} }

@book{Fawtier_Butler_Adam_1960b, address={London}, title={The Capetian kings of France: monarchy & nation, 987-1328}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fawtier, Robert and Butler, Lionel and Adam, R. J.}, year={1960} }

@inbook{Ferrante, J.M._1980, address={New York}, title={The education of women in the middle ages in theory, fact, and fantasy}, booktitle={Beyond their sex: learned women of the European past}, publisher={New York University Press}, author={Ferrante, J.M.}, year={1980}, pages={9–42} }

@book{Ferrante_1975, address={New York}, title={Woman as image in medieval literature: from the twelfth century to Dante}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Ferrante, Joan M.}, year={1975} }

@inbook{Ferruolo_1985a, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={The formation of the university of Paris}, booktitle={The origins of the university: the schools of Paris and their critics, 1100-1215}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Ferruolo, S.C.}, year={1985}, pages={279–315} }

@article{Ferruolo_1985b, address={Oxford}, title={The Paris statutes of 1215 reconsidered}, volume={5}, journal={History of universities}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ferruolo, S.C.}, year={1985} }

@inbook{Fichtenau_1998, address={University Park, Pa}, title={The twelfth century: Bogomils and Cathars}, booktitle={Heretics and scholars in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1200}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Fichtenau, H.}, year={1998}, pages={70–104} }

@book{Fiero_Allain_Pfeffer_1989, address={New Haven, [Conn.]}, title={Three medieval views of women: La contenance des fames. Le bien des fames. Le blasme des fames}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Fiero, Gloria K. and Allain, Mathé and Pfeffer, Wendy}, year={1989} }

@article{Finucane_1975, title={The use and abuse of miracles}, volume={60}, url={http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1975.tb02025.x/full}, number={198}, journal={History}, author={Finucane, R. C.}, year={1975}, pages={1–10} }

@book{Finucane_1995, address={Basingstoke}, edition={[New ed.], with a new introd}, title={Miracles and pilgrims: popular beliefs in medieval England}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Finucane, Ronald C.}, year={1995} }

@book{Fleming_1991, address={Cambridge}, title={Kings and Lords in conquest England}, volume={Cambridge studies in Medieval life and thought}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511560224}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Fleming, Robin}, year={1991} }

@book{Fletcher_1992, address={London}, title={Moorish Spain}, publisher={Weidenfeld & Nicolson}, author={Fletcher, Richard}, year={1992} }

@article{Forey_1984, title={The military orders and the Spanish reconquest in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries}, volume={40}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/27831153?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, journal={Traditio}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Forey, A. J.}, year={1984}, pages={197–234} }

@book{Foys_Overbey_Terkla_2009, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Bayeux tapestry: new interpretations}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Foys, Martin K. and Overbey, Karen Eileen and Terkla, Dan}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Frame_1990, address={Oxford}, title={Jurisdiction and Conquest: The Reign of Edward I}, volume={Opus}, booktitle={The political development of the British Isles, 1100-1400}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Frame, R.}, year={1990}, pages={142–168} }

@book{France_1994a, address={Cambridge}, title={Victory in the East: a Military History of the First Crusade}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={France, John}, year={1994} }

@book{France_1994b, address={Cambridge}, title={Victory in the East: a military history of the First Crusade}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/victory-in-the-east/278773A97930FBE92934D35A133545E6}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={France, John}, year={1994} }

@book{France_1994c, address={Cambridge}, title={Victory in the East: a military history of the First Crusade}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511562426}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={France, John}, year={1994} }

@book{France_1999, address={London}, title={Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300}, volume={Warfare and history}, publisher={UCL Press}, author={France, John}, year={1999} }

@book{Frankopan_2012, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The First Crusade: the Call from the East}, publisher={Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, author={Frankopan, Peter}, year={2012} }

@book{Freeman_2011, address={New Haven}, title={Holy bones, holy dust: how relics shaped the history of medieval Europe}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1nphg7}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Freeman, Charles}, year={2011} }

@book{Freeman, address={New Haven}, title={Holy bones, holy dust: how relics shaped the history of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Freeman, Charles} }

@inbook{Freeman_1988, address={Athens, Ga}, title={The power of sisterhood: Marie de Frances Le Fresne}, booktitle={Women and power in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Georgia Press}, author={Freeman, M.}, year={1988}, pages={250–264} }

@book{Friedman_Hoff_Chazan_2012, address={Toronto}, title={The trial of the Talmud, Paris, 1240}, volume={Mediaeval sources in translation}, publisher={Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Friedman, John and Hoff, Jean and Chazan, Robert}, year={2012} }

@book{Fuhrmann_1986, address={Cambridge}, title={Germany in the High Middle Ages, c.1050-1200}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Fuhrmann, Horst}, year={1986} }

@inbook{G._Braunstein_1988, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The emergence of the individual}, booktitle={A history of private life}, publisher={Belknap}, author={G., Duby and Braunstein, P.}, year={1988} }

@article{G.,_1971, address={Berkeley}, title={Anti-Judaism as the necessary preparation for anti-semitism’}, volume={2}, journal={Viator}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={G., Langmuir}, year={1971} }

@inbook{G.,_1982, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Gens Normannorum – myth or reality?}, volume={Anglo-Norman studies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 4, 1981}, publisher={Boydell}, author={G., Loud}, year={1982} }

@inbook{G_1993, address={Philadelphia, Pa}, title={Wholly guilty, wholly innocent”: self-definition in Heloise’s letters to Abelard’}, volume={Middle Ages series}, booktitle={Dear sister: medieval women and the epistolary genre}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={G, McLeod}, year={1993} }

@book{Gameson_1997, address={Woodbridge}, title={The study of the Bayeux Tapestry}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Gameson, Richard}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Ganshof, F. L_1964, address={London}, edition={3rd English ed}, title={Vassalage and the Norms of Medieval Social Relations}, booktitle={Feudalism}, publisher={Longman}, author={Ganshof, F. L}, year={1964}, pages={69–105} }

@book{Gaposchkin_2008a, address={Ithaca}, title={The making of Saint Louis: kingship, sanctity, and crusade in the later Middle Ages}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=3138005}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia}, year={2008} }

@book{Gaposchkin_2008b, address={Ithaca}, title={The making of Saint Louis: kingship, sanctity, and crusade in the later Middle Ages}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia}, year={2008} }

@book{Gaposchkin_Katz_2012, address={Notre Dame, Indiana}, title={Blessed Louis, the most glorious of kings: texts relating to the cult of Saint Louis of France}, volume={Notre Dame texts in medieval culture}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia and Katz, Phyllis B.}, year={2012} }

@book{Garnett_2007, address={Oxford}, title={Conquered England: kingship, succession, and tenure, 1066-1166}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207931.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Garnett, George}, year={2007} }

@book{Geary_1978, address={Princeton}, title={Furta sacra: thefts of relics in the central Middle Ages}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1978} }

@book{Geary_1994a, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={Living with the dead in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1994} }

@book{Geary_1994b, address={Ithaca}, title={Living with the dead in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1994} }

@book{Geary_1994c, address={Ithaca}, title={Living with the dead in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1994} }

@book{Geary_1994d, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Phantoms of remembrance: memory and oblivion at the end of the first millennium}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={1994} }

@book{Geary_2003, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The myth of nations: the medieval origins of Europe}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Geary, Patrick J.}, year={2003} }

@book{Genicot_1990, address={Baltimore}, title={Rural communities in the medieval West}, volume={The Johns Hopkins symposia in comparative history}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Genicot, Léopold}, year={1990} }

@book{Gervers_1992, address={New York}, title={The Second Crusade and the Cistercians}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, author={Gervers, Michael}, year={1992} }

@book{Gillingham_1971, address={London}, title={The kingdom of Germany in the High Middle Ages 900-1200}, volume={Historical Association general series}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={1971} }

@book{Gillingham_2001a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Angevin Empire}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={2001} }

@book{Gillingham_2001b, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Angevin Empire}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={2001} }

@book{Gillingham_2001c, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Angevin Empire}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Gillingham, John}, year={2001} }

@book{Gilson_1960, address={Ann Arbor}, title={Heloise and Abelard}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Gilson, Etienne}, year={1960} }

@book{Gilson_1980, address={London}, edition={[Rev ed]}, title={History of Christian philosophy in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Sheed and Ward}, author={Gilson, Etienne}, year={1980} }

@book{Gimpel_1988, address={Aldershot}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The medieval machine: the industrial revolution of the Middle Ages}, publisher={Wildwood House}, author={Gimpel, Jean}, year={1988} }

@inbook{G.J.,_2000, address={Woodbridge}, title={The myth of the anarchy’}, volume={Anglo-Norman studies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1999}, publisher={Boydell}, author={G.J., White}, year={2000} }

@inbook{G.J,_2000, address={Liverpool}, title={Earls and earldoms during King Stephen’s reign’}, booktitle={War and society in medieval and early modern Britain}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, author={G.J, White}, year={2000} }

@book{Glick_1999, address={New York}, title={Abraham’s heirs: Jews and Christians in medieval Europe}, publisher={Syracuse University Press}, author={Glick, Leonard B.}, year={1999} }

@inbook{Goff_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Chapter 5}, booktitle={Money and the Middle Ages: an essay in historical anthropology}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Goff, Le}, year={2012} }

@book{Gold_1985, address={Chicago}, title={The lady and the Virgin: image, attitude, and experience in twelfth-century France}, volume={Women in culture and society}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Gold, Penny Schine}, year={1985} }

@book{Goldberg_1992a, address={Oxford}, title={Women, work, and life cycle in a medieval economy: women in York and Yorkshire c.1300-1520}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Goldberg, P. J. P.}, year={1992} }

@book{Goldberg_1992b, address={Stroud}, title={Woman is a worthy wight: women in English society, c.1200-1500}, publisher={Alan Sutton}, author={Goldberg, P. J. P.}, year={1992} }

@book{Golding_2013, address={Basingstoke}, edition={Second edition}, title={Conquest and colonisation: the Normans in Britain, 1066-1100}, volume={British history in perspective}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Golding, Brian}, year={2013} }

@book{Goldman_Beijing da xue_Retrospect and prospect (Conference)_2018, address={London}, edition={Paperback edition}, title={Magna Carta: history, context and influence : papers delivered at Peking University on the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta}, publisher={Institute of Historical Research}, author={Goldman, Lawrence and Beijing da xue and Retrospect and prospect (Conference)}, year={2018} }

@book{Goodich_2007, address={Aldershot}, title={Miracles and wonders: the development of the concept of miracle, 1150-1350}, volume={Church, faith, and culture in the Medieval West}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Goodich, Michael}, year={2007} }

@book{Gordon_Marshall_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={The place of the dead: death and remembrance in late medieval and early modern Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Gordon, Bruce and Marshall, Peter}, year={2000} }

@book{Goss_Bornstein_1986, address={Kalamazoo, Mich}, title={The Meeting of two worlds: cultural exchange between East and West during the period of the Crusades}, volume={Studies in medieval culture}, publisher={Medieval Institute Publications}, author={Goss, Vladimir P. and Bornstein, Christine Verzár}, year={1986} }

@book{Grant_1998, address={London}, title={Abbot Suger of St-Denis: church and state in early twelfth-century France}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Grant, Lindy}, year={1998} }

@book{Grape_1994, address={Munich}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: monument to a Norman triumph}, publisher={Prestel}, author={Grape, Wolfgang}, year={1994} }

@book{Green_1986a, address={Cambridge}, title={The government of England under Henry I}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511560248}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Green, Judith A.}, year={1986} }

@book{Green_1986b, address={Cambridge}, title={The government of England under Henry I}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511560248}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Green, Judith A.}, year={1986} }

@book{Green_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={The aristocracy of Norman England}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Green, Judith A.}, year={1997} }

@book{Green_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={Henry I: King of England and Duke of Normandy}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Green, Judith A.}, year={2006} }

@book{Gumilev_1987, address={Cambridge}, title={Searches for an imaginary kingdom: the legend of the Kingdom of Prester John}, volume={Past and present publications}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Gumilev, Lev Nikolaevich}, year={1987} }

@article{Guzman_1971, title={Simon of Saint-Quentin and the Dominican Mission to the Mongol Baiju: A Reappraisal}, volume={46}, DOI={10.2307/2854853}, number={2}, journal={Speculum}, author={Guzman, Gregory G.}, year={1971}, pages={232–249} }

@inbook{H.,_1988, address={Woodbridge}, title={King Henry III and the "aliens”, 1236-1272’}, booktitle={Thirteenth century England II: proceedings of the Newcastle upon Tyne conference 1987}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={H., Ridgeway}, year={1988} }

@article{H. W. Ridgeway_1989, title={Foreign Favourites and Henry III’s Problems of Patronage, 1247-1258}, volume={104}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4642467959}, number={412}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University PressOxford University Press}, author={H. W. Ridgeway}, year={1989}, pages={590–610} }

@book{Hadley_1998, address={London}, title={Masculinity in medieval Europe}, volume={Women and men in history}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hadley, D. M.}, year={1998} }

@inbook{Hadley_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={Ethnicity and Acculturation}, volume={A social history of England}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976056}, booktitle={A social history of England, 900-1200}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hadley, D. M.}, year={2011} }

@article{Hagger_2006, title={Kinship and identity in eleventh-century Normandy: the case of Hugh de Grandmesnil,                              . 1040?1098}, volume={32}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmedhist.2006.07.005}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Hagger, Mark}, year={2006}, pages={212–230} }

@article{Hallam_1982a, title={Royal burial and the cult of kingship in France and England, 1060-1330}, volume={8}, url={https://www-sciencedirect-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/0304418182900173}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Hallam, Elizabeth M.}, year={1982} }

@article{Hallam_1982b, title={Royal burial and the cult of kingship in France and England, 1060–1330}, volume={8}, url={https://www-sciencedirect-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/0304418182900173}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Hallam, Elizabeth M.}, year={1982}, month={Jan}, pages={359–380} }

@book{Hallam_Everard_2001a, address={Harlow}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Capetian France, 987-1328}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hallam, Elizabeth M. and Everard, Judith}, year={2001} }

@book{Hallam_Everard_2001b, address={Harlow}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Capetian France, 987-1328}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hallam, Elizabeth M. and Everard, Judith}, year={2001} }

@article{Hallam_1982c, address={Oxford}, title={Philip the Fair and the cult of Saint Louis}, volume={18}, journal={Religion and national identity: papers read at the nineteenth summer meeting and the twentieth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, publisher={Basil Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society}, author={Hallam, E.M.}, year={1982} }

@inbook{Hallam, E.M._Everard, J._2001, address={Harlow}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The revival of royal power, 1108-1226}, booktitle={Capetian France, 987-1328}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hallam, E.M. and Everard, J.}, year={2001}, pages={145–262} }

@book{Hallam_1981, address={[London]}, title={Rural England 1066-1348}, volume={Fontana history of England}, publisher={Fontana}, author={Hallam, H. E.}, year={1981} }

@book{Hamilton_1974a, address={London}, title={The Albigensian Crusade}, volume={Historical Association general series}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={Hamilton, Bernard}, year={1974} }

@book{Hamilton_1974b, address={London}, title={The Albigensian Crusade}, volume={Historical Association general series}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={Hamilton, Bernard}, year={1974} }

@book{Hamilton_1999, address={Aldershot, Hants}, title={Crusaders, Cathars, and the holy places}, volume={Variorum collected studies series}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Hamilton, Bernard}, year={1999} }

@book{Hamilton_2003, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Religion in the medieval West}, publisher={Arnold}, author={Hamilton, Bernard}, year={2003} }

@book{Hampe_1973, address={Oxford}, title={Germany under the Salian and Hohenstaufen emperors}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Hampe, Karl}, year={1973} }

@book{Hanawalt_1986, address={New York}, title={The ties that bound: peasant families in medieval England}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Hanawalt, Barbara A.}, year={1986} }

@book{Hanawalt_1993, address={New York}, title={Growing up in medieval London: the experience of childhood in history}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Hanawalt, Barbara A.}, year={1993} }

@book{Harding_1993, address={Cambridge}, title={England in the thirteenth century}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139167840}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Harding, Alan}, year={1993} }

@book{Harper-Bill_Vincent_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Henry II: New Interpretations}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/boydell/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781846155536}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Harper-Bill, Christopher and Vincent, Nicholas}, year={2012} }

@book{Harris_2003, address={London}, title={Byzantium and the Crusades}, publisher={Hambledon and London}, author={Harris, Jonathan}, year={2003} }

@book{Harriss_1975, address={Oxford}, title={King, parliament and public finance in medieval England to 1369}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Harriss, G. L.}, year={1975} }

@article{Harvey_1970, title={The knight and the knight’s fee in England}, volume={49}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/external-search?queryString=Harvey, Knight’s fee&clusterResults=on&stickyFacetsChecked=on#/oclc/4639886025}, DOI={10.1093/past/49.1.3}, number={1}, journal={Past and Present}, author={Harvey, Sally}, year={1970} }

@book{Haskins_1957a, address={Cleveland, Ohio}, title={The renaissance of the twelfth century}, publisher={Meridian Books}, author={Haskins, Charles Homer}, year={1957} }

@book{Haskins_1957b, address={Cleveland, Ohio}, title={The renaissance of the twelfth century}, publisher={Meridian Books}, author={Haskins, Charles Homer}, year={1957} }

@book{Haskins_1957c, address={Ithaca, New York}, edition={[New edition]}, title={The rise of universities}, volume={Colver lectures}, publisher={Great Seal Books}, author={Haskins, Charles Homer}, year={1957} }

@book{Haskins_1959, address={New York}, title={The Normans in European history}, publisher={Ungar}, author={Haskins, Charles Homer}, year={1959} }

@book{Haverkamp_1992, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Mediaeval Germany, 1056-1273}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221722.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Haverkamp, Alfred}, year={1992} }

@inbook{H.E.J.,_1988, address={Woodbridge}, title={Towards an interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry’}, volume={Anglo-Norman studies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Battle conference 1985}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={H.E.J., Cowdrey}, year={1988} }

@article{H.E.J., address={London}, title={Pope Urban II’s preaching of the First Crusade’}, volume={55}, url={http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-229X}, journal={History}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={H.E.J., Cowdrey} }

@book{Herlihy_1967, address={New Haven}, title={Medieval and Renaissance Pistoia: the social history of an Italian town, 1200-1430}, publisher={Yale U.P.}, author={Herlihy, David}, year={1967} }

@book{Herlihy_1985a, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Medieval households}, volume={Studies in cultural history}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Herlihy, David}, year={1985} }

@book{Herlihy_1985b, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Medieval households}, volume={Studies in cultural history}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Herlihy, David}, year={1985} }

@book{Herlihy_1990, address={New York}, title={Opera muliebria: women and work in medieval Europe}, volume={New perspectives on European history}, publisher={McGraw-Hill}, author={Herlihy, David}, year={1990} }

@book{Hill_1972a, address={Oxford}, title={The deeds of the Franks and the other pilgrims to Jerusalem}, volume={Oxford medieval texts}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Hill, Rosalind M. T.}, year={1972} }

@book{Hill_1972b, address={Oxford}, title={Gesta Francorum: The deeds of the Franks and the other pilgrims to Jerusalem}, volume={Oxford medieval texts}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Hill, Rosalind M. T.}, year={1972} }

@book{Hillenbrand_2009, address={Edinburgh}, edition={Corr. impression}, title={The Crusades: Islamic perspectives}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Hillenbrand, Carole}, year={2009} }

@book{Hilton_1992a, address={Cambridge}, title={English and French Towns in Feudal Society: a Comparative Study}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hilton, R. H.}, year={1992} }

@book{Hilton_1992b, address={Cambridge}, title={English and French towns in feudal society: a comparative study}, volume={Past and present publications}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511562464}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hilton, R. H.}, year={1992} }

@book{Hinnebusch_Pious Society of St. Paul_1965, address={New York}, title={The history of the Dominican Order}, publisher={Alba House for the Society of St. Paul}, author={Hinnebusch, William A. and Pious Society of St. Paul}, year={1965} }

@article{Hollister_Baldwin_1978, title={The Rise of Administrative Kingship: Henry I and Philip Augustus}, volume={83}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5545189048}, number={4}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={Hollister, C. Warren and Baldwin, John W.}, year={1978}, month={Oct} }

@book{Holt_1987, address={Woodbridge}, title={Domesday studies: papers read at the Novocentenary Conference of the Royal Historical Society and the Institute of British Geographers, Winchester, 1986}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Holt, J. C.}, year={1987} }

@book{Holt_1992, address={Cambridge}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Magna Carta}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Holt, J. C.}, year={1992} }

@book{Holt_1997, address={London}, title={Colonial England, 1066-1215}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={Holt, J. C.}, year={1997} }

@article{Holt_19610101, title={Feudalism Revisited}, volume={14}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5985171616&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0013-0117&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.auinitm=C&rft.atitle=Feudalism+Revisited&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.date=1961&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.epage=340&rft.issn=0013-0117&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5985171616}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, author={Holt, J. C.}, year={19610101} }

@article{HOLT_1955, title={The Barons and the Great Charter}, volume={LXX}, DOI={10.1093/ehr/LXX.CCLXXIV.1}, number={CCLXXIV}, journal={The English Historical Review}, author={HOLT, J.C.}, year={1955}, pages={1–24} }

@inbook{Holt_1984, address={London}, title={The origins of Magna Carta}, volume={History series}, booktitle={Magna Carta and medieval government}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Holt, J.C.}, year={1984}, pages={123–178} }

@book{Holt_1986a, address={London}, title={The age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517}, volume={A history of the Near East}, publisher={Longman}, author={Holt, P. M.}, year={1986} }

@book{Holt_1986b, address={London}, title={The age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517}, volume={A history of the Near East}, publisher={Longman}, author={Holt, P. M.}, year={1986} }

@book{Hopper_2002, address={Stroud}, title={To be a pilgrim: the medieval pilgrimage experience}, publisher={Sutton}, author={Hopper, Sarah}, year={2002} }

@book{Horgan_Guillaume_Jean_1994, address={Oxford}, title={The romance of the rose}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Horgan, Frances and Guillaume and Jean}, year={1994} }

@book{Houts_1999, address={Basingstoke}, title={Memory and gender in medieval Europe, 900-1200}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Houts, Elisabeth Maria Cornelia van}, year={1999} }

@book{Howe_2016, address={Ithaca}, title={Before the Gregorian reform: the Latin Church at the turn of the first millennium}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Howe, John}, year={2016} }

@book{Hudson_1996, address={London}, title={The formation of the English common law: law and society in England from the Norman conquest to Magna Carta}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hudson, John}, year={1996} }

@book{Hunt_1967, address={[place of publication not identified]}, title={Cluny under Saint Hugh, 1049-1109}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Hunt, Noreen}, year={1967} }

@book{Hunt_1971, address={London}, title={Cluniac monasticism in the central Middle Ages}, volume={Readings in European history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hunt, Noreen}, year={1971} }

@book{Hutchinson_Smith_1996, address={Oxford}, title={Ethnicity}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D.}, year={1996} }

@book{Hutton_2015, address={Newcastle upon Tyne}, title={Medieval or Early Modern: the Value of a Traditional Historical Division}, publisher={Cambridge Scholars Publishing}, author={Hutton, Ronald}, year={2015} }

@book{Hyams, address={Oxford}, title={King, lords and peasants in medieval England: the common law of villeinage in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries}, volume={Oxford historical monographs}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Hyams, Paul R.} }

@book{Hyde_1966, address={Manchester}, title={Padua in the age of Dante}, publisher={Univ.P.}, author={Hyde, J. K.}, year={1966} }

@book{Hyde_1973, address={London}, title={Society and politics in medieval Italy: the evolution of the civil life, 1000-1350}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hyde, J. K.}, year={1973} }

@inbook{I.,_1986, address={Wodbridge}, title={The knight, his arms and armour in the eleventh and twelfth centuries}, booktitle={The Ideals and practice of medieval knighthood: papers from the first and second Strawberry Hill Conferences}, publisher={Boydell}, author={I., Pierce}, year={1986} }

@article{Ian P. Wei_2011, title={From Twelfth-Century Schools to Thirteenth-Century Universities: The Disappearance of Biographical and Autobiographical Representations of Scholars}, volume={86}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/41105500?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={1}, journal={Speculum}, publisher={The University of Chicago PressThe University of Chicago Press}, author={Ian P. Wei}, year={2011}, pages={42–78} }

@book{Iogna-Prat_2002, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={Order & exclusion: Cluny and Christendom face heresy, Judaism, and Islam (1000-1150)}, volume={Conjunctions of religion&power in the medieval past}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Iogna-Prat, Dominique}, year={2002} }

@inbook{I.P.,_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Chapter 5}, url={http://pmt-eu.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg1668689689&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg1668689689&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&mode=Basic&vid=44BU_VU1&tab=tab2&vl(freeText0)=Intellectual%20Culture%20in%20Medieval%20Paris%3A%20Theologians%20and%20the%20University%2C%20c.%201100-1330&dstmp=1498120662068&tabs=viewOnlineTab&gathStatTab=true}, booktitle={Intellectual culture in medieval Paris: theologians and the University, c.1100-1330}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={I.P., Wei}, year={2012} }

@article{Isabel Alfonso_1991, title={Cistercians and Feudalism}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639905222}, number={133}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={Isabel Alfonso}, year={1991}, pages={3–30} }

@article{J. C. Holt_1972, title={Politics and Property in Early Medieval England}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5549162215}, number={57}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={J. C. Holt}, year={1972}, pages={3–52} }

@article{J.,_1975, address={London}, title={Observations on the government of England from the tenth to the twelfth centuries}, volume={Fifth Series 25}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, publisher={The Society}, author={J., Campbell}, year={1975}, pages={39–54} }

@inbook{J.,_1984a, address={Manchester}, title={The French courtly poet: Marie de France’}, booktitle={Medieval women writers}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={J., Ferrante}, year={1984} }

@inbook{J.,_1973a, address={Edinburgh}, title={Innocent III and the Greeks: aggressor or apostle?}, booktitle={Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={J., Gill}, year={1973} }

@inbook{J_1992, address={London}, title={Conquering kings: some twelfth-century reflections on Henry II and Richard I}, booktitle={Warriors and churchmen in the High Middle Ages: essays presented to Karl Leyser}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={J, Gillingham}, year={1992} }

@inbook{J_1989, address={London}, title={Anglo-Scottish relations 1066-1174’}, booktitle={England and her neighbours, 1066-1453: essays in honour of Pierre Chaplais}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={J, Green}, year={1989} }

@article{J.,_1973b, address={London}, title={What did not happen in Stephen’s reign’}, volume={58}, url={http://pmt-eu.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?ct=display&fn=search&doc=dedupmrg58612713&indx=1&recIds=dedupmrg58612713&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&mode=Basic&vid=44BU_VU1&tab=tab2&vl(freeText0)=History%20&dstmp=1498045125100&tabs=viewOnlineTab&gathStatTab=true}, journal={History}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={J., Le Patourel}, year={1973} }

@inbook{J._1989, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Marie de France’}, booktitle={A New history of French literature}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={J., Marie de France’}, year={1989} }

@inbook{J.,_1978, address={London}, title={Town and country in the transition to capitalism}, booktitle={The transition from feudalism to capitalism}, publisher={Verso}, author={J., Merrington}, year={1978} }

@inbook{J.,_2003, address={London}, title={Medieval Monasticism’}, booktitle={The medieval world}, publisher={Routledge}, author={J., Nelson}, year={2003} }

@article{J. R. Maddicott_1984, title={Magna Carta and the Local Community 1215-1259}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650759?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={102}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={J. R. Maddicott}, year={1984}, pages={25–65} }

@inbook{J.,_1984b, address={Oxford}, title={The first crusade and the persecution of the Jews}, volume={Studies in Church history}, booktitle={Persecution and toleration: papers read at the twenty-second summer meeting and the twenty-third winter meeting of the Ecclesiatical History Society}, publisher={Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society}, author={J., Riley-Smith}, year={1984} }

@inbook{J_1997, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Chapter 9}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, booktitle={Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={J, Shinners}, year={1997} }

@inbook{J.,_1971, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The crusades of Louis IX}, booktitle={Medieval statecraft and the perspectives of history}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={J., Strayer}, year={1971} }

@inbook{J.A.,_1995, address={Woodbridge}, title={The merry widow’s serious sister: remarriage in classical canon law}, booktitle={Matrons and marginal women in medieval society}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={J.A., Brundage}, year={1995} }

@article{Jackson_1991, title={The Crusade Against the Mongols (1241)}, volume={42}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900002554}, number={01}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Jackson, Peter}, year={1991} }

@inbook{Jackson_2001, address={London}, title={Christians, barbarians and monsters: the European discovery of the world beyond Islam}, booktitle={The medieval world}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Jackson, Peter}, year={2001}, pages={93–110} }

@book{Jackson_2005, address={Harlow}, title={The Mongols and the West, 1221-1410}, volume={Medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Jackson, Peter}, year={2005} }

@book{Jackson, address={Harlow, England}, title={The Mongols and the West, 1221-1410}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Jackson, Peter} }

@book{Jaeger_1994, address={Philadelphia}, title={The envy of angels: cathedral schools and social ideals in medieval Europe, 950-1200}, volume={Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Jaeger, C. Stephen}, year={1994} }

@book{James_1957, address={London}, title={Saint Bernard of Clairvaux: an essay in biography}, publisher={Hodder & Stoughton}, author={James, Bruno Scott}, year={1957} }

@inbook{Jamison_1992, address={Aalen}, title={The Sicilian Norman Kingdom in the Mind of Anglo-Norman Contemporaries}, booktitle={Studies on the history of medieval Sicily and South Italy}, publisher={Scientia Verlag}, author={Jamison, E. M.}, editor={Clementi, Dione and Kölzer, Theo}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Jansen_Drell_Andrews_2009, address={Philadelphia, Pa}, title={The Commercial Revolution}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, booktitle={Medieval Italy: texts in translation}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Jansen, Katherine L. and Drell, Joanna and Andrews, Frances}, year={2009}, pages={77–109} }

@inbook{1963, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Life of Saint Louis}, volume={Penguin classics}, booktitle={Chronicles of the Crusades}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Jean de Joinville}, year={1963} }

@article{J.G., address={London}, title={The Normans and the Welsh March}, journal={Proceedings of the British Academy, 42}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={J.G., Edwards} }

@inbook{J.J.N.,_1987, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Domesday Manor}, booktitle={Domesday studies: papers read at the Novocentenary Conference of the Royal Historical Society and the Institute of British Geographers, Winchester, 1986}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={J.J.N., Palmer}, year={1987} }

@inbook{J.M.,_1980, address={New York}, title={The education of women in the middle ages in theory, fact, and fantasy’}, booktitle={Beyond their sex: learned women of the European past}, publisher={New York University Press}, author={J.M., Ferrante}, year={1980} }

@article{John Hatcher_1981, title={English Serfdom and Villeinage: Towards a Reassessment}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639894699}, number={90}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={John Hatcher}, year={1981}, pages={3–39} }

@inbook{Johnson_2006, address={Wien}, title={Origin Myths and the Construction of Medieval Identities: Norman Chronicles 1000-1100}, volume={Denkschriften (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse)}, booktitle={Texts and identities in the early Middle Ages}, publisher={Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, author={Johnson, E.}, editor={Corradini, Richard}, year={2006} }

@book{Jones_1997, address={Oxford}, title={The Italian city-state: from commune to signoria}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Jones, Philip James}, year={1997} }

@inbook{Jordan_1979, address={Princeton, N.J}, title={The Most Christian King}, booktitle={Louis IX and the challenge of the Crusade: a study in rulership}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Jordan, W.C.}, year={1979}, pages={182–213} }

@book{Jordan_2002, address={London}, title={Europe in the High Middle Ages}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Jordan, William C.}, year={2002} }

@inbook{J.W.,_1986, address={Berkeley, Calif}, title={Chapter 7}, booktitle={The government of Philip Augustus: foundations of French royal power in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={J.W., Baldwin}, year={1986} }

@inbook{K.,_1965, address={Oxford}, title={The polemics of the papal revolution}, booktitle={Trends in medieval political thought}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={K., Leyser}, year={1965} }

@book{Kaeuper_2001a, address={Oxford}, title={Chivalry and violence in medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Kaeuper, Richard W.}, year={2001} }

@book{Kaeuper_2001b, address={Oxford}, title={Chivalry and violence in medieval Europe}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244584.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Kaeuper, Richard W}, year={2001} }

@book{Kaeuper_2016, address={Cambridge, United Kingdom}, title={Medieval chivalry}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kaeuper, Richard W.}, year={2016} }

@book{Kaeuper, address={Philadelphia, Pa}, title={Holy warriors: the religious ideology of chivalry}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Kaeuper, Richard W.} }

@book{Kantorowicz_1997, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={The king’s two bodies: a study in mediaeval political theology}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Kantorowicz, Ernst H.}, year={1997} }

@book{Karras_2012, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=957048}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Karras, Ruth Mazo}, year={2012} }

@book{Karras, address={Philadelphia}, title={From boys to men: formations of masculinity in late medieval Europe}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Karras, Ruth Mazo} }

@article{Kathryn Faulkner_1996, title={The Transformation of Knighthood in Early Thirteenth-Century England}, volume={111}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/577859?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={440}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University PressOxford University Press}, author={Kathryn Faulkner}, year={1996}, pages={1–23} }

@inbook{K.B.,_1973, address={Oxford}, title={Had Edward I a "policy” towards the earls}, volume={Ford lectures}, booktitle={The nobility of later medieval England: the Ford lectures for 1953 and related studies}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={K.B., McFarlane}, year={1973} }

@book{Ḳedar_2014, address={Princeton}, title={Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward the Muslims}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/884013477}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Ḳedar, B. Z.}, year={2014} }

@book{Kedar_1988, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Crusade and mission: European approaches towards the Muslims}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt7zvpx9}, publisher={Princeton University press}, author={Kedar, Benjamin Z.}, year={1988} }

@book{Kedar_1993, address={Aldershot}, title={The Franks in the Levant, 11th to 14th centuries}, volume={Variorum collected studies series}, publisher={Variorum}, author={Kedar, Benjamin Z.}, year={1993} }

@article{Kedar_19981001, title={Crusade Historians and the Massacres of 1096}, volume={12}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5542565437}, number={2}, journal={Jewish History}, author={Kedar, Benjamin Z.}, year={19981001} }

@inbook{Keen_2005, address={New Haven, Conn}, title={The secular origins of chivalry}, volume={Yale Nota bene}, booktitle={Chivalry}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Keen, M.}, year={2005}, pages={18–43} }

@book{Keen_1984, address={New Haven}, title={Chivalry}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Keen, Maurice}, year={1984} }

@book{Keen_1996, address={London}, title={Nobles, knights and men-at-arms in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Keen, Maurice}, year={1996} }

@book{Kennedy_1996, address={London}, title={Muslim Spain and Portugal: a political history of al-Andalus}, publisher={Longman}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={1996} }

@inbook{K.F.,_1978, address={Amsterdam}, title={Kingdom and principality in twelfth-century France}, volume={Europe in the Middle Ages}, booktitle={The Medieval nobility: studies on the ruling classes of France and Germany from the sixth to the twelfth century}, publisher={North-Holland}, author={K.F., Werner}, year={1978} }

@book{Kibre_1961, address={London}, title={Scholarly privileges in the Middle Ages: the rights, privileges, and immunities of scholars and universities at Bologna, Padua, Paris and Oxford}, publisher={Mediaeval Academy of America}, author={Kibre, Pearl}, year={1961} }

@book{Kienzle_James_Bernard_1998a, address={Thrupp, Stroud}, title={The letters of St. Bernard of Clairvaux}, publisher={Sutton Publishing}, author={Kienzle, Beverly Mayne and James, Bruno Scott and Bernard}, year={1998} }

@book{Kienzle_James_Bernard_1998b, address={Thrupp, Stroud}, title={The letters of St. Bernard of Clairvaux}, publisher={Sutton Publishing}, author={Kienzle, Beverly Mayne and James, Bruno Scott and Bernard}, year={1998} }

@article{KING_1974, title={King Stephen and the Anglo-Norman aristocracy*}, volume={59}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1974.tb02213.x}, number={195}, journal={History}, author={KING, EDMUND}, year={1974}, month={Feb}, pages={180–194} }

@book{King_1994, address={Oxford}, title={The Anarchy of King Stephen’s reign}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203643.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={King, Edmund}, year={1994} }

@book{Kisch_1970, address={New York}, title={The Jews in medieval Germany: a study of their legal and social status}, publisher={Ktav Publishing House}, author={Kisch, Guido}, year={1970} }

@inbook{Knowles_1963a, address={Cambridge}, title={Archbishop Thomas Becket: a character study}, booktitle={The historian and character, and other essays}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Knowles, D.}, year={1963} }

@book{Knowles_1951, address={Cambridge}, title={The episcopal colleagues of Archbishop Thomas Becket: being the Ford Lectures delivered in the University of Oxford in Hilary Term 1949}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Knowles, David}, year={1951} }

@book{Knowles_1963b, address={Cambridge}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The monastic order in England: a history of its development from the times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940-1216}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511583742}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Knowles, David}, year={1963} }

@book{Knowles_1971, address={Stanford, Calif}, title={Thomas Becket}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Knowles, David}, year={1971} }

@book{Knowles_Luscombe_Brooke_1988a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The evolution of medieval thought}, publisher={Longman}, author={Knowles, David and Luscombe, D. E. and Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1988} }

@book{Knowles_Luscombe_Brooke_1988b, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The evolution of medieval thought}, publisher={Longman}, author={Knowles, David and Luscombe, D. E. and Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1988} }

@book{Knowles_Luscombe_Brooke_1988c, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The evolution of medieval thought}, publisher={Longman}, author={Knowles, David and Luscombe, D. E. and Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence}, year={1988} }

@article{Koeppler_1939, title={Frederick Barbarossa and the schools of Bologna: Some remarks on the ‘Authentica Habita’}, volume={54}, DOI={10.1093/ehr/LIV.CCXVI.577}, number={CCXVI}, journal={The English Historical Review}, author={Koeppler, H.}, year={1939}, pages={577–606} }

@inbook{L.,_1988, address={Toronto}, title={On the evidence of growth of population in the West from the 11th to the 13th century’}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, booktitle={Change in medieval society: Europe north of the Alps, 1050-1500}, publisher={University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={L., Genicot}, year={1988} }

@book{Labarge_Labarge_1986, address={Boston}, title={A small sound of the trumpet: women in medieval life}, publisher={Beacon Press}, author={Labarge, Margaret Wade and Labarge, Margaret Wade}, year={1986} }

@inbook{Lambert_2002a, address={Oxford}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Heretical preachers and the rise of catharism}, booktitle={Medieval heresy: popular movements from the Gregorian reform to the Reformation}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Lambert, M.}, year={2002}, pages={52–69} }

@book{Lambert_1998a, address={St. Bonaventure, N.Y.}, edition={Rev. and expanded ed}, title={Franciscan poverty: the doctrine of the absolute poverty of Christ and the apostles in the Franciscan Order, 1210-1323}, publisher={Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University}, author={Lambert, Malcolm}, year={1998} }

@book{Lambert_1998b, address={Oxford}, title={The Cathars}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Lambert, Malcolm}, year={1998} }

@book{Lambert_1998c, address={Oxford}, title={The Cathars}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Lambert, Malcolm}, year={1998} }

@book{Lambert_2002b, address={Oxford}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Medieval heresy: popular movements from the Gregorian reform to the Reformation}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Lambert, Malcolm}, year={2002} }

@book{Larner_1983, address={London}, title={Italy in the age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380}, volume={Longman history of Italy}, publisher={Longman}, author={Larner, John}, year={1983} }

@book{Latham_Anderson_1986, address={London}, title={The Market in history: papers presented at a symposium held 9-13 September 1984 at St George’s House, Windsor Castle, under the auspices of the Liberty Fund}, publisher={Croom Helm}, author={Latham, A. J. H. and Anderson, B. L.}, year={1986} }

@book{Latouche_Wilkinson_2006, address={London}, title={The birth of the western economy: economic aspects of the Dark Ages}, url={https://www-taylorfrancis-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/books/9781315019659}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Latouche, Robert and Wilkinson, E. M.}, year={2006} }

@book{Latouche_Wilkinson_Grierson_2006, address={London}, title={The Birth of the Western economy: Economic Aspects of the Dark Ages}, volume={Routledge library editions. Economics. Economic history}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315019659}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Latouche, Robert and Wilkinson, E. M. and Grierson, Philip}, year={2006} }

@book{Lawrence_1994, address={London}, title={The friars: the impact of the early mendicant movement on Western society}, volume={The medieval world}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={1994} }

@book{Lawrence_2001a, address={London}, edition={Third edition}, title={Medieval monasticism : forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={2001} }

@book{Lawrence_2001b, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Pearson Education}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={2001} }

@book{Lawrence_2001c, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Pearson Education}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={2001} }

@book{Lawrence_2001d, address={Harlow, England}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Pearson Education}, author={Lawrence, C. H.}, year={2001} }

@inbook{Le Goff, J._1972, address={London}, title={The town as an agent of civilisation 1200-1500}, booktitle={The Fontana economic history of Europe: 1: The middle ages}, publisher={Collins/Fontana}, author={Le Goff, J.}, year={1972}, pages={71–106} }

@inbook{Le Goff_1980a, address={Chicago}, title={How did the medieval university conceive of itself?}, booktitle={Time, work & culture in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1980} }

@inbook{Le Goff_1980b, address={Chicago}, title={The universities and the public authorities in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance}, booktitle={Time, work & culture in the Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1980} }

@book{Le Goff_1988, address={New York}, title={Your money or your life: economy and religion in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Zone Books}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1988} }

@book{Le Goff_1993a, address={Cambridge, MA}, title={Intellectuals in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1993} }

@book{Le Goff_1993b, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Intellectuals in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1993} }

@book{Le Goff_1993c, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Intellectuals in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1993} }

@book{Le Goff_1996, address={[Paris]}, title={Saint Louis}, volume={Bibliothèque des histoires}, publisher={Gallimard}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1996} }

@book{Le Goff_1997, address={London}, title={The medieval world}, publisher={Parkgate Books}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={1997} }

@book{Le Goff_2004, address={London}, title={Saint Francis of Assisi}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Le Goff, Jacques}, year={2004} }

@book{Le Patourel_1976, address={Oxford}, title={The Norman empire}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Le Patourel, John}, year={1976} }

@book{Le Roy Ladurie_1980a, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel}, year={1980} }

@book{Le Roy Ladurie_1980b, address={Harmondsworth}, title={Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel}, year={1980} }

@book{Lea_1896, title={AURICULAR CONFESSION AND INDULGENCES.: Vol. 1}, author={Lea, Henry Charles}, year={1896} }

@inbook{Leclercq_1991, address={Toronto}, title={The renewal of theology}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, booktitle={Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century}, publisher={published by University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={Leclercq, J.}, editor={Benson, Robert L. and Constable, Giles and Lanham, Carol Dana}, year={1991} }

@article{Leclercq_1973, title={Modern Psychology and the Interpretation of Medieval Texts}, volume={48}, DOI={10.2307/2854444}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={Leclercq, Jean}, year={1973}, month={Jul}, pages={476–490} }

@book{Leclercq_1982, address={New York}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The love of learning and the desire for God: a study of monastic culture}, publisher={Fordham University Press}, author={Leclercq, Jean}, year={1982} }

@book{Lees_Fenster_McNamara, address={Minneapolis}, title={Medieval masculinities: regarding men in the Middle Ages}, volume={v. 7}, publisher={University of Minnesota Press}, author={Lees, Clare A. and Fenster, Thelma S. and McNamara, Jo Ann} }

@book{Leff_1959, address={Chicago}, title={Medieval thought, St. Augustine to Ockham}, publisher={Quadrangle Books}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1959} }

@book{Leff_1967a, address={Manchester}, title={Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.1}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1967} }

@book{Leff_1967b, address={Manchester}, title={Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.2}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1967} }

@book{Leff_1967c, address={Manchester}, title={Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.1}, volume={1}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1967} }

@book{Leff_1967d, address={Manchester}, title={Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.2}, volume={2}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1967} }

@book{Leff_1975, title={Paris and Oxford Universities in the 13th and 14th Centuries}, author={Leff, Gordon}, year={1975} }

@book{Lesnick_1989a, address={Athens}, title={Preaching in medieval Florence: the social world of Franciscan and Dominican spirituality}, publisher={University of Georgia Press}, author={Lesnick, Daniel R.}, year={1989} }

@book{Lesnick_1989b, address={Athens}, title={Preaching in medieval Florence: the social world of Franciscan and Dominican spirituality}, publisher={University of Georgia Press}, author={Lesnick, Daniel R.}, year={1989} }

@article{Lester K. Little_1964, title={Saint Louis’ Involvement with the Friars}, volume={33}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5548315703&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0009-6407&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft.auinitm=K&rft.atitle=Saint+Louis%27+Involvement+with+the+Friars&rft.jtitle=Church+History&rft.date=1964&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.epage=148&rft.issn=0009-6407&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5548315703}, number={2}, journal={Church History}, publisher={Cambridge University PressAmerican Society of Church HistoryAmerican Society of Church History}, author={Lester K. Little}, year={1964}, pages={125–148} }

@book{Lewis_2013, address={London}, title={Kingship and Masculinity in Late Medieval England}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Lewis, Katherine J.}, year={2013} }

@inbook{Lewis_1999, address={Cambridge}, title={Narrative Strategies and Visible Signs}, volume={Cambridge studies in new art history and criticism}, booktitle={The rhetoric of power in the Bayeux tapestry}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lewis, S.}, year={1999}, pages={30–73} }

@book{Leyser_1984, address={London}, title={Hermits and the new monasticism: a study of religious communities in Western Europe 1000-1150}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Leyser, Henrietta}, year={1984} }

@book{Leyser_1982, address={London}, title={Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250}, volume={History series; 12}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Leyser, Karl}, year={1982} }

@book{Leyser_1994, address={London}, title={Communications and power in medieval Europe: The Gregorian Revolution and beyond}, publisher={Hambledon Press}, author={Leyser, Karl}, year={1994} }

@book{Lilie_1993a, address={Oxford}, title={Byzantium and the crusader states, 1096-1204}, url={https://oxford-universitypressscholarship-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204077.001.0001/acprof-9780198204077}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Lilie, Ralph-Johannes}, year={1993} }

@book{Lilie_1993b, address={Oxford}, title={Byzantium and the crusader states, 1096-1204}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204077.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Lilie, Ralph-Johannes}, year={1993} }

@book{Lilley_2002a, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Urban life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Lilley, Keith D.}, year={2002} }

@book{Lilley_2002b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Urban life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450}, volume={European culture and society}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Lilley, Keith D.}, year={2002} }

@book{Lilley_2002c, address={Basingstoke}, title={Urban life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450}, volume={European culture and society}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Lilley, Keith D.}, year={2002} }

@book{Lilley_2009a, address={London}, title={City and cosmos: the medieval world in urban form}, publisher={Reaktion Books}, author={Lilley, Keith D.}, year={2009} }

@book{Lilley_2009b, address={London}, title={City and cosmos: the medieval world in urban form}, publisher={Reaktion Books}, author={Lilley, Keith D.}, year={2009} }

@book{Lipton_1999, address={Berkeley}, title={Images of intolerance: the representation of Jews and Judaism in the Bible moralisée}, volume={S. Mark Taper Foundation imprint in Jewish studies}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Lipton, Sara}, year={1999} }

@book{Little_1983a, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe}, volume={Cornell paperbacks}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Little, Lester K.}, year={1983} }

@book{Little_1983b, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe}, volume={Cornell paperbacks}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Little, Lester K.}, year={1983} }

@inbook{L.J.,_1977, address={Kent [Ohio]}, title={Chapter 4}, booktitle={The Cistercians: ideals and reality}, publisher={Kent State University Press}, author={L.J., Lekai}, year={1977} }

@book{Lomax_1978, address={London}, title={The reconquest of Spain}, publisher={Longman}, author={Lomax, Derek W.}, year={1978} }

@book{Lopez, address={Cambridge [England]}, title={The commercial revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lopez, Robert S.} }

@inbook{Lopez_1976, address={Cambridge}, title={The Growth of Self-Centred Agriculture}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511583933}, booktitle={The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950–1350}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lopez, R.S.}, year={1976}, pages={27–55} }

@article{Loud_1981, address={Nottingham}, title={‘How "Norman” was the Norman conquest of Southern Italy?’}, volume={25}, journal={Nottingham medieval studies}, publisher={University of Nottingham}, author={Loud, G.}, year={1981} }

@article{Loud, address={Nottingham}, title={How "Norman” was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?}, volume={25}, journal={Nottingham medieval studies}, publisher={University of Nottingham}, author={Loud, G.} }

@book{Loud_2013, address={London}, title={The age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Norman conquest}, volume={The medieval world}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315846224}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Loud, G. A.}, year={2013} }

@article{Lourie_1966, title={A Society Organized for War: Medieval Spain}, volume={35}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/649966?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={Lourie, Elena}, year={1966}, pages={54–76} }

@book{Loyn_1982, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The Norman Conquest}, publisher={Hutchinson}, author={Loyn, H. R.}, year={1982} }

@book{Lucas_1982a, address={Brighton}, title={Women in the Middle Ages: religion, marriage and letters}, publisher={Harvester Press}, author={Lucas, Angela M.}, year={1982} }

@book{Lucas_1982b, address={Brighton}, title={Women in the Middle Ages: religion, marriage and letters}, publisher={Harvester Press}, author={Lucas, Angela M.}, year={1982} }

@book{Luscombe_1969, address={Cambridge}, title={The school of Peter Abelard: the influence of Abelard’s thought in the early scholastic period}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511896781}, publisher={University Press}, author={Luscombe, D. E.}, year={1969} }

@book{Luscombe_1979, address={London}, title={Peter Abelard}, volume={Historical Association general series}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={Luscombe, D. E.}, year={1979} }

@book{Luscombe_2002, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Peter Abelard}, publisher={Davenant Press}, author={Luscombe, D. E.}, year={2002} }

@article{M., address={London}, title={The roots of lay enthusiasm for the First Crusade’}, volume={78}, url={http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-229X}, journal={History}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={M., Bull} }

@inbook{M.,_1991, address={New York}, title={The lamb and the scapegoat: the dehumanization of the Jews in medieval propaganda imagery}, booktitle={Anti-semitism in times of crisis}, publisher={New York University Press}, author={M., Lazar}, year={1991} }

@article{M., title={1066: the Moment of Transition in two narratives of the Norman Conquest’}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5545598792}, author={M., Otter} }

@book{Maalouf_2006, address={London}, title={The Crusades through Arab eyes}, publisher={Saqi Essentials}, author={Maalouf, Amin}, year={2006} }

@book{MacKay_1977, address={London}, title={Spain in the Middle Ages: from frontier to empire, 1000-1500}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={MacKay, Angus}, year={1977} }

@book{Maddicott_1975, address={Oxford [Eng.]}, title={The English peasantry and the demands of the crown, 1294-1341}, volume={Past and present supplements}, publisher={Past and Present Society}, author={Maddicott, J R.}, year={1975} }

@book{Maddicott_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Simon de Montfort}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Maddicott, J. R.}, year={1994} }

@book{Maddicott_2010a, address={Oxford}, title={The origins of the English parliament, 924-1327}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585502.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Maddicott, J. R.}, year={2010} }

@book{Maddicott_2010b, address={Oxford}, title={The origins of the English Parliament, 924-1327}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Maddicott, John Robert}, year={2010} }

@book{Maier_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={Preaching the Crusades: mendicant friars and the Cross in the thirteenth century}, volume={Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511582059}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Maier, Christoph T.}, year={1994} }

@misc{Marie, de France, active 12th century, title={French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays of Marie de France}, url={http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11417?msg=welcome_stranger}, author={Marie, de France, active 12th century} }

@article{Mary Cheney_1941, title={The Compromise of Avranches of 1172 and the Spread of Canon Law in England}, volume={56}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/554507?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={222}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University PressOxford University Press}, author={Mary Cheney}, year={1941}, pages={177–197} }

@book{Mason_1991a, title={Norman kingship}, publisher={Headstart History}, author={Mason, Emma}, year={1991} }

@book{Mason_1991b, address={Bangor}, title={Norman kingship}, volume={Headstart history papers}, publisher={Headstart History}, author={Mason, Emma}, year={1991} }

@book{Matarasso_1993, address={London}, title={The Cistercian world: monastic writings of the twelfth century}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Matarasso, Pauline}, year={1993} }

@book{Mate_Economic History Society_1999, address={Cambridge}, title={Women in medieval English society}, volume={New studies in economic and social history}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Mate, Mavis E. and Economic History Society}, year={1999} }

@book{Matthew_1992, address={Cambridge}, title={The Norman kingdom of Sicily}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139167741}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Matthew, Donald}, year={1992} }

@book{Mayer_1988a, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mayer, Hans Eberhard}, year={1988} }

@book{Mayer_1988b, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mayer, Hans Eberhard}, year={1988} }

@book{Mayer_1988c, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Mayer, Hans Eberhard}, year={1988} }

@article{Mayr-Harting_1965, title={Henry II and the Papacy, 1170-1189}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1017/S0022046900053392}, number={01}, journal={The Journal of Ecclesiastical History}, author={Mayr-Harting, H.}, year={1965}, pages={39–53} }

@inbook{Mayr-Harting_1985, address={London}, title={Functions of a twelfth-century shrine}, booktitle={Studies in medieval history presented to R.H.C. Davis}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={Mayr-Harting, H.}, year={1985} }

@book{McCarthy_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Marriage in Medieval England: Law, Literature and Practice}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/boydell/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781846152542}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McCarthy, Conor}, year={2012} }

@article{McKeon_1964, title={The Status of the University of Paris as Parens Scientiarum: An Episode in the Development of Its Autonomy}, volume={39}, DOI={10.2307/2854750}, number={4}, journal={Speculum}, author={McKeon, Peter R.}, year={1964}, pages={651–675} }

@book{McKitterick_1989, address={Cambridge}, title={The Carolingians and the written word}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511583599}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={1989} }

@book{McKitterick_2004, address={Cambridge}, title={History and memory in the Carolingian world}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617003}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2004} }

@article{McKitterick_2014, title={The pleasures of the past: history and identity in the early Middle Ages}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1111/emed.12077}, number={4}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, author={McKitterick, Rosamond}, year={2014}, pages={388–405} }

@article{McLaughlin_1967, title={Abelard as autobiographer: the motives and meaning of his Story of Calamities}, volume={42}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5552827433&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0038-7134&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.auinitm=M&rft.atitle=Abelard+as+Autobiographer%3A+The+Motives+and+Meaning+of+His+%22Story+of+Calamities%22&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.date=1967&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.epage=488&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5552827433}, number={3}, journal={Speculum}, author={McLaughlin, Mary M.}, year={1967}, pages={463–488} }

@book{Menache_1990, address={New York}, title={The vox Dei: communication in the Middle Ages}, volume={Communication and society}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Menache, Sophia}, year={1990} }

@book{Mews_2001, address={New York}, title={The lost love letters of Heloise and Abelard: perceptions of dialogue in twelfth-century France}, volume={The new Middle Ages}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Mews, Constant J.}, year={2001} }

@book{Mickel_1974, address={New York}, title={Marie de France}, publisher={Twayne}, author={Mickel, Emanuel J.}, year={1974} }

@book{Miller_1960, address={Hull}, title={War in the North: the Anglo-Scottish wars of the Middle Ages / the St. John’s College Cambridge Lecture 1959-60 delivered at the University of Hull 29th April 1960}, publisher={University of Hull}, author={Miller, Edward}, year={1960} }

@book{Miller_Hatcher_1978, address={London}, title={Medieval England: rural society and economic change, 1086-1348}, volume={Social and economic history of England}, publisher={Longman}, author={Miller, Edward and Hatcher, John}, year={1978} }

@book{Miskimin_Herlihy_Udovitch_Lopez_1977, address={New Haven}, title={The medieval city}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Miskimin, Harry A. and Herlihy, David and Udovitch, Abraham L. and Lopez, Robert S.}, year={1977} }

@inbook{M.M.,_1975, address={Paris}, title={Peter Abelard and the dignity of women: twelfth century "feminism” in theory and practice’}, volume={Colloques internationaux du Centre national de la recherche scientifique}, booktitle={Pierre Abélard, Pierre le Vénérable: les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XIIe siècle ; [actes et mémoires du Colloque international], Abbaye de Cluny, 2 au 9 juillet 1972}, publisher={Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique}, author={M.M., McLaughlin}, year={1975} }

@book{Molho_Raaflaub_Emlen_Brown University. Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies_1991, address={Stuttgart}, title={City states in classical antiquity and medieval Italy: Athens and Rome, Florence and Venice}, publisher={Steiner}, author={Molho, Anthony and Raaflaub, Kurt A. and Emlen, Julia and Brown University. Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies}, year={1991} }

@book{Moore_2003, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): to root up and to plant}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Moore, John C.}, year={2003} }

@book{Moore_1975a, address={London}, title={The birth of popular heresy}, volume={Documents of medieval history}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1975} }

@book{Moore_1975b, address={London}, title={The birth of popular heresy}, volume={Documents of medieval history}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1975} }

@book{Moore_1994a, address={Toronto}, title={The origins of European dissent}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1994} }

@book{Moore_1994b, address={Toronto}, title={The origins of European dissent}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={1994} }

@book{Moore_2007a, address={Malden, Mass}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=284094}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={2007} }

@book{Moore_2007b, address={Malden, Mass}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=284094}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={2007} }

@book{Moore_2007c, address={Malden, Mass}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=284094}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={2007} }

@book{Moore_2012, address={London}, title={The war on heresy: faith and power in medieval Europe}, publisher={Profile}, author={Moore, R. I.}, year={2012} }

@book{Moore, address={Oxford [England]}, title={The first European revolution, c. 970-1215}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Moore, R. I.} }

@book{Moore_Frassetto_2006, address={Leiden}, title={Heresy and the persecuting society in the Middle Ages: essays on the work of R.I. Moore}, volume={Studies in the history of Christian traditions}, publisher={Brill}, author={Moore, R. I. and Frassetto, Michael}, year={2006} }

@book{Moorman_1968, address={Oxford}, title={A history of the Franciscan Order from its origins to the year 1517}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Moorman, John R. H.}, year={1968} }

@book{Morgan_2007, address={Malden, Mass}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Mongols}, volume={The people of Asia}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Morgan, David}, year={2007} }

@book{Morrall_1971, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Political thought in medieval times}, publisher={Hutchinson University Library}, author={Morrall, John B.}, year={1971} }

@inbook{Morris_1972, address={Cambridge}, title={A critique of popular religion: Guibert of Nogent on The Relics of the Saints}, volume={Studies in church history / Ecclesiastical History Society}, booktitle={Popular belief and practice: papers read at the ninth summer meeting and the tenth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Morris, C.}, year={1972} }

@inbook{Morris, C._1987, address={Toronto}, title={The search for the self}, volume={Medieval Academy reprints for teaching}, booktitle={The discovery of the individual, 1050-1200}, publisher={University of Toronto Press, in association with the Medieval Academy of America}, author={Morris, C.}, year={1987}, pages={64–95} }

@book{Morris_1989a, address={Oxford [Oxfordshire]}, title={The papal monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/55715459}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Morris, Colin}, year={1989} }

@book{Morris_1989b, address={Oxford}, title={The papal monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250}, DOI={10.1093/0198269250.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Morris, Colin}, year={1989} }

@book{Morris_1989c, address={Oxford}, title={The papal monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250}, DOI={10.1093/0198269250.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Morris, Colin}, year={1989} }

@book{Morris_Roberts_2002, address={Cambridge}, title={Pilgrimage: the English experience from Becket to Bunyan}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Morris, Colin and Roberts, Peter}, year={2002} }

@article{Muckle, J. T._1950, address={Toronto}, title={Abelard’s Letter of Consolation to a Friend (Historia Calamitatum)}, volume={12}, journal={Mediæval Studies}, publisher={Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Muckle, J. T.}, year={1950}, pages={163–213} }

@book{Muldoon_1979, address={[Philadelphia]}, title={Popes, lawyers, and infidels: the Church and the non-Christian world, 1250-1550}, volume={The Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Muldoon, James}, year={1979} }

@book{Mundy_Kirshner_Wemple_1985, address={Oxford}, title={Women of the medieval world: essays in honor of John H. Mundy}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Mundy, John H. and Kirshner, Julius and Wemple, Suzanne Fonay}, year={1985} }

@book{Mundy_Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies_1990a, address={Toronto}, title={Men and women at Toulouse in the age of the Cathars}, volume={Studies and texts / Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, publisher={Political Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Mundy, John H. and Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, year={1990} }

@book{Mundy_Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies_1990b, address={Toronto}, title={Men and women at Toulouse in the age of the Cathars}, volume={Studies and texts / Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, publisher={Political Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Mundy, John H. and Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, year={1990} }

@inbook{Murray, A._1997, address={Woodbridge}, title={Time and Money}, booktitle={The Work of Jacques Le Goff and the challenges of medieval history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Murray, A.}, year={1997}, pages={3–25} }

@book{Murray_1967, address={Manchester}, title={Abelard and St. Bernard: a study in twelfth century ‘modernism’}, publisher={Manchester U.P.}, author={Murray, A. Victor}, year={1967} }

@book{Murray_International Medieval Congress_1998, address={Turnhout}, title={From Clermont to Jerusalem: the Crusades and Crusader societies, 1095-1500 : selected proceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 10-13 July, 1995}, volume={International medieval research (Series)}, publisher={Brepols}, author={Murray, Alan V. and International Medieval Congress}, year={1998} }

@book{Murray_Johnson_Forde_1995, address={Leeds}, title={Concepts of national identity in the Middle Ages}, volume={Leeds texts and monographs}, publisher={University of Leeds, School of English}, author={Murray, Alan V. and Johnson, Lesley and Forde, Simon}, year={1995} }

@book{Murray_1978a, address={Oxford}, title={Reason and society in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Murray, Alexander}, year={1978} }

@book{Murray_1978b, address={Oxford}, title={Reason and society in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Murray, Alexander}, year={1978} }

@article{Murray_1993, title={Confession before 1215}, volume={3}, DOI={10.2307/3679136}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Murray, Alexander}, year={1993} }

@book{Murray_2001, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Love, marriage, and family in the Middle Ages: a reader}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Murray, Jacqueline}, year={2001} }

@book{Neal_2008, address={Chicago}, title={The masculine self in late medieval England}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Neal, Derek G.}, year={2008} }

@book{Nelson_Linehan_2001, address={London}, title={The medieval world}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Nelson, Janet L. and Linehan, Peter}, year={2001} }

@book{Newhall_1963, address={New York}, title={The Crusades}, volume={Berkshire studies in European history}, publisher={Holt, Rinehart & Winston}, author={Newhall, Richard Ager}, year={1963} }

@book{Newman_1996, address={Stanford}, title={The boundaries of charity: Cistercian culture and ecclesiastical reform, 1098 - 1180}, volume={Figurae. Reading medieval culture}, publisher={Stanford University Press}, author={Newman, Martha G.}, year={1996} }

@book{Nicholas_1992a, address={London}, title={Medieval Flanders}, publisher={Longman}, author={Nicholas, David}, year={1992} }

@book{Nicholas_1992b, address={London}, title={Medieval Flanders}, publisher={Longman}, author={Nicholas, David}, year={1992} }

@book{Nicholas_1997a, address={London}, title={The growth of the medieval city: from late antiquity to the early fourteenth century}, volume={A history of urban society in Europe}, publisher={Longman}, author={Nicholas, David}, year={1997} }

@book{Nicholas_1997b, address={London}, title={The growth of the medieval city: from late antiquity to the early fourteenth century}, volume={A history of urban society in Europe}, publisher={Longman}, author={Nicholas, David}, year={1997} }

@book{Nilson_1998a, address={Woodbridge}, title={Cathedral shrines of medieval England}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Nilson, Ben}, year={1998} }

@book{Nilson_1998b, address={Rochester, NY}, title={Cathedral shrines of medieval England}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Nilson, Benjamin John}, year={1998} }

@book{Nirenberg_1996, address={Princeton, N.J}, title={Communities of violence: persecution of minorities in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Nirenberg, David}, year={1996} }

@book{Noble_Van Engen_European Transformations, 950-1200_University of Notre Dame. Medieval Institute_2012, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={European transformations: the long twelfth century}, volume={Notre Dame conferences in medieval studies}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Noble, Thomas F. X. and Van Engen, John H. and European Transformations, 950-1200 and University of Notre Dame. Medieval Institute}, year={2012} }

@book{Nolan_2003, address={New York}, title={Capetian women}, volume={The new Middle Ages}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Nolan, Kathleen}, year={2003} }

@book{Norwich_1967, address={London}, title={The Normans in the South, 1016-1130}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Norwich, John Julius}, year={1967} }

@book{Norwich_1970, address={Harlow}, title={The kingdom in the sun 1130-1194}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Norwich, John Julius}, year={1970} }

@book{O’Callaghan_1975, address={Ithaca}, title={A history of medieval Spain}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={O’Callaghan, Joseph F.}, year={1975} }

@book{O’Donoghue_1982a, address={Manchester}, title={The courtly love tradition}, volume={Literature in context}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={O’Donoghue, Bernard}, year={1982} }

@book{O’Donoghue_1982b, address={Manchester}, title={The courtly love tradition}, volume={Literature in context}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={O’Donoghue, Bernard}, year={1982} }

@book{Ohler_1989, address={Woodbridge}, title={The medieval traveller}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Ohler, Norbert}, year={1989} }

@book{Olschki_1960, address={Berkeley, Calif}, title={Marco Polo’s Asia: an introduction to his ‘Description of the world.’ called ‘Il milione’}, publisher={California University Press}, author={Olschki, Leonardo}, year={1960} }

@book{Ormrod_1995, address={Basingstoke}, title={Political life in Medieval England, 1300-1450}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Ormrod, W. M.}, year={1995} }

@book{Owen_Chrétien_1987, address={London}, title={Arthurian romances}, volume={Everyman classics}, publisher={Dent}, author={Owen, D. D. R. and Chrétien}, year={1987} }

@inbook{P_1978, address={London}, title={Critique}, booktitle={The transition from feudalism to capitalism}, publisher={Verso}, author={P, Sweezy}, year={1978} }

@article{Painter_1947, title={Magna Carta}, volume={53}, url={https://www-jstor-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/stable/1843678?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents}, number={1}, journal={The American Historical Review}, author={Painter, Sidney}, year={1947} }

@book{Painter_1949, address={Baltimore}, title={The reign of King John}, publisher={Johns Hopkins Press}, author={Painter, Sidney}, year={1949} }

@book{Palliser, address={Cambridge}, title={The Cambridge urban history of Britain: Vol. 1: 600-1540}, url={https://www-cambridge-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/core/books/cambridge-urban-history-of-britain/84215EF366540656B71D2B8AB4B5C3D3}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Palliser, D. M.} }

@inbook{Park_1997, address={Leiden}, title={The meanings of natural diversity: Marco Polo on the ‘division’ of the world}, volume={v. 78}, booktitle={Texts and contexts in ancient and medieval science: studies on the occasion of John E. Murdoch’s seventieth birthday}, publisher={Brill}, author={Park, Katharine}, year={1997}, pages={134–147} }

@book{Parry_Andreas Capellanus_1960, address={New York}, title={The art of courtly love}, volume={Records of western civilization}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Parry, John Jay and Andreas Capellanus}, year={1960} }

@book{Partner_1972, address={London}, title={The lands of St Peter: the Papal State in the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance}, publisher={Eyre Methuen}, author={Partner, Peter}, year={1972} }

@inbook{Pastan_White_2009, address={Woodbridge}, title={Problematizing Patronage: Odo of Bayeux and the Bayeux Tapestry}, booktitle={The Bayeux tapestry: new interpretations}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Pastan, E.C. and White, S.D.}, year={2009}, pages={288–325} }

@book{Paterson_1993, address={Cambridge}, title={The world of the troubadours: medieval Occitan society, c.1100-c.1300}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Paterson, Linda M.}, year={1993} }

@misc{Paul, title={The Lais of Marie de France Study Guide’, Washington State University – Department of English}, url={https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/10/17/the-lais-of-marie-de-france-12th-century/}, author={Paul, Brians} }

@misc{Paul, title={Crusades’, The Orb: online reference book for Medieval Studies}, url={https://the-orb.arlima.net/}, author={Paul, Crawford} }

@book{Payer_2009, address={Toronto}, title={Sex and the new medieval literature of confession, 1150-1300}, volume={Studies and texts / Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, publisher={Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Payer, Pierre J.}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Payer_1993, address={Toronto}, title={Legitimate reasons for marital relations}, booktitle={The bridling of desire: views of sex in the later Middle Ages}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Payer, P.J.}, year={1993}, pages={84–110} }

@book{Pedersen_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={The first universities: studium generale and the origins of university education in Europe}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511562488}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Pedersen, Olaf}, year={1997} }

@book{Pedersen_North_1998, address={Cambridge}, title={The First Universities: Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Pedersen, Olaf and North, Richard}, year={1998} }

@book{Pegg_2009, address={New York}, title={A most holy war: the Albigensian crusade and the battle for Christendom}, volume={Pivotal moments in world history}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Pegg, Mark Gregory}, year={2009} }

@inbook{Peters, E._1980, address={Philadephia, Pa}, title={The Waldensians}, volume={Middle Ages series}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fh8qt}, booktitle={Heresy and authority in medieval Europe: documents in translation}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Peters, E.}, year={1980}, pages={139–163} }

@book{Peters_1980, address={Philadephia, Pa}, title={Heresy and authority in medieval Europe: documents in translation}, volume={Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Peters, Edward}, year={1980} }

@book{Peters_1998a, address={Philadelphia [Pa.]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The First Crusade: the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhh0t}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Peters, Edward}, year={1998} }

@book{Peters_1998b, address={Philadelphia [Pa.]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The First Crusade: the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhh0t}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Peters, Edward}, year={1998} }

@article{Phillipp R. Schofield_1998, title={Peasants and the Manor Court: Gossip and Litigation in a Suffolk Village at the Close of the Thirteenth Century}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4897947712}, number={159}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={Phillipp R. Schofield}, year={1998}, pages={3–42} }

@book{Phillips_1998a, address={Oxford [England]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The medieval expansion of Europe}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Phillips, J. R. S.}, year={1998} }

@book{Phillips_1998b, address={Oxford [England]}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The medieval expansion of Europe}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Phillips, J. R. S.}, year={1998} }

@book{Phillips_1998c, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The medieval expansion of Europe}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Phillips, J. R. S.}, year={1998} }

@book{Phillips_1996a, address={Oxford [England]}, title={Defenders of the Holy Land: relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119-1187}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={1996} }

@book{Phillips_1996b, address={Oxford}, title={Defenders of the Holy Land: relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119 - 1187}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205401.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Phillips, Jonathan}, year={1996} }

@book{Phillips, address={New Haven [Conn.]}, title={The Second Crusade: extending the frontiers of Christendom}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Phillips, Jonathan} }

@book{Phillips_Deus Vult : the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (Conference)_1997a, address={Manchester}, title={The First Crusade: origins and impact}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Phillips, Jonathan and Deus Vult : the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (Conference)}, year={1997} }

@book{Phillips_Deus Vult : the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (Conference)_1997b, address={Manchester}, title={The First Crusade: origins and impact}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Phillips, Jonathan and Deus Vult : the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (Conference)}, year={1997} }

@book{Phillips_Hoch_2001, address={Manchester}, title={The Second Crusade: scope and consequences}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Phillips, Jonathan and Hoch, Martin}, year={2001} }

@book{Piltz_1981, address={Totowa, N.J.}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The world of medieval learning}, publisher={Barnes & Noble}, author={Piltz, Anders}, year={1981} }

@book{Platt_1979, address={London}, title={The English medieval town}, publisher={Paladin}, author={Platt, Colin}, year={1979} }

@book{Pohl_Dudo_2015, address={[York]}, title={Dudo of St Quentin’s Historia Normannorum: tradition, innovation and memory}, volume={Writing history in the Middle Ages}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt9qdm20}, publisher={York Medieval Press in association with The Boydell Press}, author={Pohl, Benjamin and Dudo}, year={2015} }

@book{Poliakov_1966, address={London}, title={The history of anti-semitism}, publisher={Elek Books}, author={Poliakov, Léon}, year={1966} }

@book{Polo_Cliff_2016, address={United Kingdom}, title={The travels}, publisher={Penguin Classics}, author={Polo, Marco and Cliff, Nigel}, year={2016} }

@book{Polo_Latham_1958, address={Harmondsworth}, title={The travels of Marco Polo}, volume={Penguin classics}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Polo, Marco and Latham, Ronald}, year={1958} }

@inbook{Post_1964, address={Princeton}, title={Parisian Masters as a Corporation, 1200-64}, booktitle={Studies in medieval legal thought: public law and the state, 1100-1322}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Post, G.}, year={1964} }

@book{Postan_1975a, address={Harmondsworth [England]}, title={The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages}, volume={1}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Postan, M. M.}, year={1975} }

@book{Postan_1975b, address={London}, title={The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages}, volume={The Pelican economic history of Britain}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Postan, M. M.}, year={1975} }

@book{Postan_1975c, address={London}, title={The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages}, volume={The Pelican economic history of Britain}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Postan, M. M.}, year={1975} }

@inbook{Postan_1975d, address={London}, title={Population}, volume={The Pelican economic history of Britain}, booktitle={The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Postan, M.M.}, year={1975}, pages={30–44} }

@book{Potter_Davis_Robert_1976, address={Oxford}, edition={[1st ed. reprinted]}, title={Gesta Stephani}, volume={Oxford medieval texts}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Potter, K. R. and Davis, R. H. C. and Robert}, year={1976} }

@book{Pounds_1994a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={An economic history of medieval Europe}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315844008}, publisher={Longman}, author={Pounds, N. J. G.}, year={1994} }

@book{Pounds_1994b, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={An economic history of medieval Europe}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315844008}, publisher={Longman}, author={Pounds, N. J. G.}, year={1994} }

@book{Pounds_1994c, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={An economic history of medieval Europe}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315844008}, publisher={Longman}, author={Pounds, N. J. G.}, year={1994} }

@book{Pounds_2013, address={Oxfordshire [England]}, edition={Second edition}, title={An economic history of medieval Europe}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Pounds, Norman John Greville}, year={2013} }

@book{Powell_1990, address={Princeton}, title={Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1700455}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Powell, James M.}, year={1990} }

@book{Powell_1994, address={Washington, D.C.}, edition={2nd, expanded ed}, title={Innocent III: vicar of Christ or lord of the world?}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Powell, James M.}, year={1994} }

@book{Power_2006, address={Oxford}, title={The central Middle Ages: Europe 950-1320}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Power, Daniel}, year={2006} }

@book{Power_Postan_1975, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval women}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Power, Eileen and Postan, M. M.}, year={1975} }

@book{Powers_1988, address={Berkeley}, title={A society organized for war: the Iberian municipal militias in the central Middle Ages, 1000-1284}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Powers, James F.}, year={1988} }

@book{Powicke_1962, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Thirteenth century 1216-1307}, volume={The Oxford history of England}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Powicke, F. M.}, year={1962} }

@book{Prabhu_2003, address={London}, title={Byzantium at War AD 600-1453}, publisher={Fitzroy Dearborn}, author={Prabhu, Manjiri}, year={2003} }

@book{Prawer_1972a, address={London}, title={The world of the Crusaders}, publisher={Weidenfeld and Nicolson}, author={Prawer, Joshua}, year={1972} }

@book{Prawer_1972b, address={London}, title={The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: European colonialism in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Weidenfeld & Nicolson}, author={Prawer, Joshua}, year={1972} }

@book{Prawer_1979, address={Oxford}, title={Crusader institutions}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Prawer, Joshua}, year={1979} }

@article{Prestwich_1954, title={War and Finance in the Anglo-Norman State}, volume={4}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3678850}, DOI={10.2307/3678850}, journal={Transactions of the Royal Historical Society}, author={Prestwich, J. O.}, year={1954} }

@book{Prestwich_1988a, address={London}, title={Edward I}, volume={English monarchs}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1988} }

@book{Prestwich_1988b, address={London}, title={Edward I}, volume={English monarchs}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1988} }

@book{Prestwich_1990a, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={English politics in the thirteenth century}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1990} }

@book{Prestwich_1990b, address={Basingstoke}, title={English politics in the thirteenth century}, volume={British history in perspective}, publisher={Macmillan Education}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1990} }

@book{Prestwich_1990c, address={Basingstoke}, title={English politics in the thirteenth century}, volume={British history in perspective}, publisher={Macmillan Education}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1990} }

@book{Prestwich_1990d, address={Basingstoke}, title={English politics in the thirteenth century}, volume={British history in perspective}, publisher={Macmillan Education}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1990} }

@book{Prestwich_1991, address={Aldershot}, title={War, politics and finance under Edward I}, volume={Modern revivals in history}, publisher={Gregg Revivals}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={1991} }

@book{Prestwich_2003, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The three Edwards: war and state in England, 1272-1377}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2003} }

@book{Prestwich_2005, address={Oxford}, title={Plantagenet England, 1225-1360}, volume={The new Oxford history of England}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=75876&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Prestwich, Michael}, year={2005} }

@article{R.,_1977, address={Berkeley}, title={Emperor Frederick I, the third crusade and the Jews’}, volume={8}, journal={Viator}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={R., Chazan}, year={1977} }

@article{R. H. Hilton_1965, title={Freedom and Villeinage in England}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650099}, number={31}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={R. H. Hilton}, year={1965}, pages={3–19} }

@article{R. H. Hilton_1985, title={Medieval Market Towns and Simple Commodity Production}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639880706}, number={109}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={R. H. Hilton}, year={1985}, pages={3–23} }

@book{R. R. Davies_2000, address={Oxford}, title={The first English empire: power and identities in the British Isles}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257249.001.0001}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257249.003.0002}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={R. R. Davies}, year={2000} }

@inbook{R.A.,_1981, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Battle of Hastings}, volume={Anglo-Norman studies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 3, 1980}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={R.A., Brown}, year={1981} }

@misc{Rachel, title={A 12th Century love affair - OpenLearn - Open University}, url={http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/12th-century-love-affair}, author={Rachel, Gibbons} }

@book{Rashdall_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1: Salerno, Bologna, Paris}, volume={Cambridge Library Collection-Medieval History}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511722301}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Rashdall, Hastings}, year={2010} }

@book{Rawcliffe_2006, address={Woodbridge}, title={Leprosy in medieval England}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Rawcliffe, Carole}, year={2006} }

@book{Razi_1980, address={Cambridge}, title={Life, marriage and death in a medieval parish: economy, society and demography in Halesowen, 1270-1400}, volume={Past and present publications}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Razi, Zvi}, year={1980} }

@book{Razi_Smith_1996, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval society and the manor court}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201908.001.0001}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Razi, Zvi and Smith, Richard M.}, year={1996} }

@book{Reilly_1992, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Reilly, Bernard F.}, year={1992} }

@book{Reilly_1993, address={Cambridge}, title={The Medieval Spains}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Reilly, Bernard F.}, year={1993} }

@book{Reimitz_2015, address={Cambridge}, title={History, Frankish Identity and the Framing of Western Ethnicity, 550–850}, volume={Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139505765}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Reimitz, Helmut}, year={2015} }

@book{Resnick_2012, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Marks of distinction: Christian perceptions of Jews in the high Middle Ages}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Resnick, Irven Michael}, year={2012} }

@book{Reuter_Nelson_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497216}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Reuter, Timothy and Nelson, Janet L.}, year={2006} }

@book{Reuter_Nelson, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval polities and modern mentalities}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Reuter, Timothy and Nelson, Janet L.} }

@inbook{Reynolds_1994a, address={Oxford}, title={Vassalage and the Norms of Medieval Social Relations}, booktitle={Fiefs and vassals: the medieval evidence reinterpreted}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Reynolds, S.}, year={1994}, pages={17–47} }

@book{Reynolds_1977a, address={Oxford}, title={An introduction to the history of English medieval towns}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Reynolds, Susan}, year={1977} }

@book{Reynolds_1977b, address={Oxford}, title={An introduction to the history of English medieval towns}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Reynolds, Susan}, year={1977} }

@book{Reynolds_1994b, address={Oxford}, title={Fiefs and vassals: the medieval evidence reinterpreted}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1183111}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Reynolds, Susan}, year={1994} }

@book{Richard_1978a, address={Amsterdam}, title={The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: Vol.A}, volume={Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={North-Holland Publishing Co}, author={Richard, Jean}, year={1978} }

@book{Richard_1978b, address={Amsterdam}, title={The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: Vol.B}, volume={Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={North-Holland Publishing Co}, author={Richard, Jean}, year={1978} }

@inbook{Richard_1992, address={Cambridge}, title={Christian and King}, booktitle={Saint Louis: crusader King of France}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Richard, Jean}, year={1992}, pages={237–256} }

@book{Richards_1991, address={London}, title={Sex, dissidence and damnation: minority groups in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Richards, Jeffrey}, year={1991} }

@book{Ridder-Symoens, address={Cambridge}, title={A History of the university in Europe}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de} }

@book{Riley-Smith_2009a, address={Basingstoke}, edition={4th ed}, title={What were the crusades?}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan}, year={2009} }

@book{Riley-Smith, address={London}, title={The first crusade: and the idea of crusading}, publisher={Continuum}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1973, address={London}, title={The feudal nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1973} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1986a, address={London}, title={The First Crusade and the idea of crusading}, publisher={Athlone Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1986} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1986b, address={London}, title={The First Crusade and the idea of crusading}, publisher={Athlone Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1986} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1987a, address={London}, title={The Crusades: a short history}, publisher={Athlone}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1987} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1987b, address={London}, title={The Crusades: a short history}, publisher={Athlone}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1987} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1987c, address={London}, title={The Crusades: a short history}, publisher={Athlone}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1987} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1991a, address={London}, title={The Atlas of the Crusades}, publisher={Times}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1991} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1991b, address={London}, title={The Atlas of the Crusades}, publisher={Times}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1991} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1995a, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1995} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1995b, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=537613}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1995} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1995c, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=537613}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1995} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1997a, address={Cambridge}, title={The first crusaders, 1095-1131}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1997} }

@book{Riley-Smith_1997b, address={Cambridge}, title={The first crusaders, 1095-1131}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={1997} }

@book{Riley-Smith_2009b, address={Basingstoke}, edition={4th ed}, title={What were the crusades?}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={2009} }

@book{Robert of Rheims_Sweetenham (trans.)_2005, address={Aldershot}, title={Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade =: Historia iherosolimitana}, volume={Crusade texts in translation}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Robert of Rheims and Sweetenham (trans.), Carol}, year={2005} }

@article{ROBINSON_1973, title={GREGORY VII AND THE SOLDIERS OF CHRIST}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.1973.tb01281.x}, number={193}, journal={History}, author={ROBINSON, I. S.}, year={1973}, month={Jun}, pages={169–192} }

@book{Robinson_1990a, address={Cambridge [England]}, title={The papacy, 1073-1198: continuity and innovation}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Robinson, I. S.}, year={1990} }

@book{Robinson_1990b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Papacy, 1073-1198: continuity and innovation}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139167772}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Robinson, I. S.}, year={1990} }

@book{Robinson_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496592}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Robinson, I. S.}, year={2000} }

@book{Robinson_2004, address={Manchester}, title={The papal reform of the eleventh century: lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Robinson, I. S.}, year={2004} }

@inbook{Robson_2006, address={Woodbridge}, title={St Francis’s Vocation to Live and Proclaim the Gospel}, volume={Monastic orders}, booktitle={The Franciscans in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Robson, M.}, year={2006}, pages={10–21} }

@book{Rollason_1989, address={Oxford}, title={Saints and relics in Anglo-Saxon England}, publisher={Basil Blackwell}, author={Rollason, D. W.}, year={1989} }

@book{Rollason_2004, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Durham Liber vitae and its context}, volume={Regions and regionalism in history}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Rollason, D. W.}, year={2004} }

@article{Rosenwein_1972, address={Berkeley}, title={Feudal War and Monastic Peace: Cluniac Liturgy as Ritual Aggression}, volume={2}, journal={Viator}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Rosenwein, Barbara H.}, year={1972}, pages={129–158} }

@book{Rosenwein_1989, address={Ithaca, N.Y.}, title={To be the neighbor of Saint Peter: the social meaning of Cluny’s property, 909-1049}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Rosenwein, Barbara H.}, year={1989} }

@article{Rosenwein_19740501, title={Social Meaning in the Monastic and Mendicant Spiritualities}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5549116945}, number={63}, journal={Past & Present}, author={Rosenwein, Barbara H.}, year={19740501} }

@book{Roskell_Davies_Denton_1981, address={Manchester}, title={The English Parliament in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Roskell, J. S. and Davies, Richard G. and Denton, Jeffrey H.}, year={1981} }

@inbook{Rossiaud_1997, address={London}, title={The city-dweller and life in cities and towns}, volume={The history of European society}, booktitle={The medieval world}, publisher={Parkgate}, author={Rossiaud, J.}, year={1997}, pages={138–179} }

@book{Rouse_Rouse_1979, address={Toronto}, title={Preachers, florilegia and sermons: studies on the Manipulus florum of Thomas of Ireland}, volume={Studies and texts / Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, publisher={Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies}, author={Rouse, Richard H. and Rouse, Mary A.}, year={1979} }

@book{Rowe_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={The Jew, the cathedral and the medieval city: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the thirteenth century}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511762413}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Rowe, Nina}, year={2011} }

@inbook{R.R.,_1984, address={Cardiff}, title={Law and national identity in thirteenth-century Wales’}, booktitle={Welsh society and nationhood: historical essays presented to Glanmor Williams}, publisher={University of Wales Press}, author={R.R., Davies}, year={1984} }

@book{Rüegg_Ridder-Symoens_1992, address={Cambridge}, title={A History of the university in Europe:  Vol.1, Universities in the Middle Ages}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511599507}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Rüegg, Walter and Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de}, year={1992} }

@book{Russell_1972, address={Newton Abbot}, title={Medieval regions and their cities}, volume={Studies in historical geography}, publisher={David and Charles}, author={Russell, Josiah Cox}, year={1972} }

@article{R.W.,_1972, address={Totawa, N.J.}, title={The social significance of twelfth-century chivalric romance’}, journal={Medievalia et humanistica}, publisher={Rowman & Allanheld}, author={R.W., Hanning}, year={1972} }

@article{R.W., address={London}, title={The place of Henry I in English history’}, journal={Proceedings of the British Academy 48}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={R.W., Southern} }

@misc{S, title={Peter Abelard, 1079-1142}, url={http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/abelard_b.html}, author={S, Kreis} }

@book{Sackville_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={Heresy and Heretics in the Thirteenth Century: The Textual Representations}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/boydell/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781846158469}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Sackville, L. J.}, year={2012} }

@article{Sally Harvey_1970, title={The Knight and the Knight’s Fee in England}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639886025}, number={49}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University PressThe Past and Present SocietyThe Past and Present Society}, author={Sally Harvey}, year={1970}, pages={3–43} }

@book{Sapir Abulafia_2014, address={London}, title={Christian Jewish relations, 1000-1300: Jews in the service of medieval Christendom}, volume={Medieval world}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315835389}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group}, author={Sapir Abulafia, Anna}, year={2014} }

@book{Saul_2011, address={Cambridge, Mass}, edition={First Harvard University Press edition}, title={Chivalry in medieval England}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Saul, Nigel}, year={2011} }

@book{Saunders_1971, address={London}, title={The history of the Mongol conquests}, publisher={Routledge and K. Paul}, author={Saunders, J. J.}, year={1971} }

@inbook{Sayers, J._1994, address={London}, title={Authority and Protest: The Christian Life}, volume={The medieval world}, booktitle={Innocent III: leader of Europe, 1198-1216}, publisher={Longman}, author={Sayers, J.}, year={1994}, pages={125–163} }

@book{Sayles_1975, address={London}, title={The King’s Parliament of England}, publisher={E. Arnold}, author={Sayles, G. O.}, year={1975} }

@book{Sayles_1987, address={London}, title={The Functions of the medieval parliament of England}, publisher={Hambledon}, author={Sayles, G. O.}, year={1987} }

@book{Scammell_1981, address={London}, title={The world encompassed: the first European maritime empires, c.800-1650}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Scammell, G. V.}, year={1981} }

@book{Schmitt_1983, address={Cambridge}, title={The holy greyhound: Guinefort, healer of children since the thirteenth century}, volume={Cambridge studies in oral and literate culture}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Schmitt, Jean-Claude}, year={1983} }

@book{Searle_1988, address={Berkeley, Calif}, title={Predatory kinship and the creation of Norman power, 840-1066}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Searle, Eleanor}, year={1988} }

@book{Şenocak_2012, address={Ithaca}, title={The poor and the perfect: the rise of learning in the Franciscan order, 1209-1310}, publisher={Cornell University Press}, author={Şenocak, Neslihan}, year={2012} }

@book{Setton_Baldwin_1969a, address={Madison}, edition={2nd ed}, title={A History of the Crusades: vol. 1}, volume={1}, publisher={University of Wisconsin Press}, author={Setton, Kenneth M. and Baldwin, Marshall Whithed}, year={1969} }

@book{Setton_Baldwin_1969b, address={Madison}, edition={2nd ed}, title={A History of the Crusades: vol. 1}, volume={1}, publisher={University of Wisconsin Press}, author={Setton, Kenneth M. and Baldwin, Marshall Whithed}, year={1969} }

@book{Shahar_2003a, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Fourth Estate: a History of Women in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Shahar, Shulamith}, year={2003} }

@book{Shahar_2003b, address={London}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The fourth estate: a history of women in the Middle Ages}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=181941}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Shahar, Shulamith}, year={2003} }

@book{Shahar_2003c, address={London}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={The fourth estate: a history of women in the Middle Ages}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=181941}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Shahar, Shulamith}, year={2003} }

@book{Shapiro_Wadsworth_1971, address={Urbana}, title={The Comedy of Eros: medieval French guides to the art of love}, publisher={University of Illinois press}, author={Shapiro, Norman R. and Wadsworth, James B.}, year={1971} }

@book{Shatzmiller_1993, address={Leiden}, title={Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria}, volume={The medieval Mediterranean}, publisher={E.J. Brill}, author={Shatzmiller, Maya}, year={1993} }

@inbook{Shinners_1997a, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Chapter 9}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, booktitle={Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Shinners, J.}, year={1997} }

@book{Shinners_1997b, address={Peterborough, Ont}, title={Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={Broadview Press}, author={Shinners, John}, year={1997} }

@book{Shirley_Guillaume_1996, address={Aldershot}, title={The song of the Cathar Wars: a history of the Albigensian crusade}, publisher={Scolar Press}, author={Shirley, Janet and Guillaume}, year={1996} }

@inbook{Shopkow, L._1997, address={Washington, D.C}, title={The Purpose of History}, booktitle={History and community: Norman historical writing in the eleventh and twelfth centuries}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Shopkow, L.}, year={1997}, pages={173–211} }

@book{Siberry_1985, address={Oxford}, title={Criticism of crusading 1095-1274}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Siberry, Elizabeth}, year={1985} }

@book{Sibly_Sibly_William_2003, address={Woodbridge}, title={The chronicle of William of Puylaurens: the Albigensian crusade and its aftermath}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Sibly, W. A. and Sibly, M. D. and William}, year={2003} }

@book{Signer_Van Engen_2001, address={Notre Dame, Ind}, title={Jews and Christians in twelfth-century Europe}, volume={Notre Dame conferences in medieval studies}, publisher={University of Notre Dame Press}, author={Signer, Michael Alan and Van Engen, John H.}, year={2001} }

@book{Sikes_1932, title={Peter Abailard}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Sikes, Jeffrey Garrett}, year={1932} }

@inbook{S.L.,_1999, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Third Century of English Feudalism}, booktitle={Thirteenth Century England, VII: proceedings of the Durham conference, 1997}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={S.L., Waugh}, year={1999} }

@book{Smalley_1973, address={Oxford}, title={The Becket conflict and the schools: a study of intellectuals in politics}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Smalley, Beryl}, year={1973} }

@book{Smith_1986, address={Oxford}, title={The ethnic origins of nations}, publisher={Basil Blackwell}, author={Smith, Anthony D.}, year={1986} }

@book{Smith_1991, address={London}, title={National identity}, publisher={Penguin Books}, author={Smith, Anthony D.}, year={1991} }

@book{Smith_1999, address={Cambridge}, title={Britain and Ireland, 900-1300: insular responses to medieval European change}, url={https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/britain-and-ireland-9001300/DF33D9C3E1B79F75290845F366AD7590}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Smith, Brendan}, year={1999} }

@book{Smith_1988, address={Warminster}, title={Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol.1: 711-1100}, volume={Hispanic classics}, publisher={Aris & Phillips}, author={Smith, Colin}, year={1988} }

@book{Smyth_1998, address={Basingstoke}, title={Medieval Europeans: studies in ethnic identity and national perspectives in medieval Europe}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Smyth, Alfred P.}, year={1998} }

@book{Southern_1970a, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval humanism and other studies}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1970} }

@book{Southern_1970b, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval humanism and other studies}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1970} }

@book{Southern_1990a, address={London}, title={Western society and the Church in the Middle Ages}, volume={The Penguin history of the Church}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1990} }

@book{Southern_1990b, address={London}, title={Western society and the Church in the Middle Ages}, volume={The Penguin history of the Church}, publisher={Penguin}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1990} }

@book{Southern_1993, address={London}, title={The making of the Middle Ages}, publisher={Pimlico}, author={Southern, R. W.}, year={1993} }

@inbook{Southern_1970c, address={Oxford}, title={The Letters of Abelard and Heloise}, booktitle={Medieval humanism and other studies}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Southern, R.W.}, year={1970}, pages={86–104} }

@article{Spiegel_1975, title={The cult of Saint Denis and Capetian kingship}, volume={1}, url={https://www-sciencedirect-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/0304418175900317}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Spiegel, Gabrielle M.}, year={1975}, month={Jan}, pages={43–69} }

@book{Spiegel_Marie_1987, address={Toronto}, title={Fables}, volume={Toronto medieval texts and translations}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Spiegel, Harriet and Marie}, year={1987} }

@book{Stacey_1987a, address={Oxford}, title={Politics, policy and finance under Henry III, 1216-1245}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Stacey, Robert C.}, year={1987} }

@book{Stacey_1987b, address={Oxford}, title={Politics, policy and finance under Henry III, 1216-1245}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Stacey, Robert C.}, year={1987} }

@book{Stafford_1992, address={Huddersfield}, title={The origins of the Norman Conquest}, publisher={University of Huddersfield}, author={Stafford, Pauline}, year={1992} }

@book{Staunton_2001, address={Manchester}, title={The lives of Thomas Becket}, volume={Manchester medieval sources}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Staunton, Michael}, year={2001} }

@book{Staunton_2006, address={Woodbridge}, title={Thomas Becket and his biographers}, volume={Studies in the history of medieval religion}, url={http://universitypublishingonline.org/boydell/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781846155093}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Staunton, Michael}, year={2006} }

@book{Stephens_University of Texas at Austin. Humanities Research Center_1978, address={[Austin]}, title={The Hartley Coleridge letters: a calendar and index}, volume={Tower bibliographical series}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3175563?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, publisher={Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin}, author={Stephens, Fran Carlock and University of Texas at Austin. Humanities Research Center}, year={1978} }

@book{Stow_1992, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Alienated minority: the Jews of medieval Latin Europe}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Stow, Kenneth R.}, year={1992} }

@book{Strayer_1980, address={Princeton, N.J}, title={The reign of Philip the Fair}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Strayer, Joseph R.}, year={1980} }

@book{Strayer_Lansing_1992a, address={[Ann Arbor]}, title={The Albigensian Crusades}, volume={Ann Arbor paperbacks}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Strayer, Joseph R. and Lansing, Carol}, year={1992} }

@book{Strayer_Lansing_1992b, address={[Ann Arbor]}, title={The Albigensian Crusades}, volume={Ann Arbor paperbacks}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Strayer, Joseph R. and Lansing, Carol}, year={1992} }

@inbook{Strickland_1996, address={Cambridge}, title={Honour, Shame and Reputation}, booktitle={War and chivalry: the conduct and perception of war in England and Normandy, 1066 - 1217}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Strickland, M.}, year={1996}, pages={98–131} }

@book{Stringer_1993, address={London}, title={The reign of Stephen: kingship, warfare and government in twelfth-century England}, volume={Lancaster pamphlets}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Stringer, Keith J.}, year={1993} }

@book{Stuard_1976, address={[Philadelphia]}, title={Women in medieval society}, volume={The Middle Ages}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhhbn}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Stuard, Susan Mosher}, year={1976} }

@book{Stuard_2012, address={Philadelphia}, title={Women in Medieval Society}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/929156839}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc}, author={Stuard, Susan Mosher}, year={2012} }

@book{Such_Hodgkinson_1987, address={Warminster}, title={The poem of my Cid =: Poema de mio Cid}, volume={Hispanic classics}, publisher={Aris & Phillips}, author={Such, Peter and Hodgkinson, John}, year={1987} }

@book{Sumption_1975, address={London}, title={Pilgrimage: an image of mediaeval religion}, publisher={Faber}, author={Sumption, Jonathan}, year={1975} }

@book{Sumption_1978, address={London}, title={The Albigensian Crusade}, publisher={Faber}, author={Sumption, Jonathan}, year={1978} }

@book{Swanson_1999, address={Basingstoke}, title={Medieval British towns}, volume={Social history in perspective}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Swanson, Heather}, year={1999} }

@book{Swanson_1995a, address={Cambridge}, title={Religion and devotion in Europe, c. 1215 - c. 1515}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Swanson, R. N.}, year={1995} }

@inbook{Swanson_1995b, address={Cambridge}, title={Access to the Faith}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, booktitle={Religion and devotion in Europe, c. 1215 - c. 1515}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Swanson, R.N.}, year={1995}, pages={42–91} }

@inbook{Swanson, R.N._1999, address={Manchester}, title={Intellectual transitions: philosophy and theology, humanism and individualism}, booktitle={The twelfth-century renaissance}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Swanson, R.N.}, year={1999}, pages={103–151} }

@book{Sweetenham_Robert_2005, address={Aldershot}, title={Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade =: Historia iherosolimitana}, volume={Crusade texts in translation}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Sweetenham, Carol and Robert}, year={2005} }

@book{Synan_1965, address={New York}, title={The popes and the Jews in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Synan, Edward A.}, year={1965} }

@book{Tabacco_1989, address={Cambridge}, title={The struggle for power in medieval Italy: structures of political rule}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Tabacco, Giovanni}, year={1989} }

@book{Taylor_Royal Historical Society_2005a, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Heresy in medieval France: dualism in Aquitaine and the Agenais, 1000-1249}, volume={Royal Historical Society studies in history}, publisher={Royal Historical Society/Boydell Press}, author={Taylor, Claire and Royal Historical Society}, year={2005} }

@book{Taylor_Royal Historical Society_2005b, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Heresy in medieval France: dualism in Aquitaine and the Agenais, 1000-1249}, volume={Royal Historical Society studies in history}, publisher={Royal Historical Society/Boydell Press}, author={Taylor, Claire and Royal Historical Society}, year={2005} }

@book{Taylor_1984, address={Liverpool (The University, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX)}, title={Dies illa: death in the Middle Ages; proceedings of the 1983 Manchester colloquium}, volume={Vinaver studies in French}, publisher={Francis Cairns}, author={Taylor, Jane H. M.}, year={1984} }

@book{Tellenbach_1993, address={Cambridge [England]}, title={The Church in western Europe from the tenth to the early twelfth century}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Tellenbach, Gerd}, year={1993} }

@book{Tentler_1977, address={Princeton}, title={Sin and confession on the eve of the Reformation}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Tentler, Thomas N.}, year={1977} }

@inbook{Tentler_1974, address={Leiden}, title={The summa for confessors as an instrument of social control}, volume={Studies in medieval and Reformation thought}, booktitle={The pursuit of holiness in late medieval and Renaissance religion: papers from the University of Michigan conference}, publisher={Brill}, author={Tentler, T.N.}, year={1974}, pages={103–137} }

@book{Thomas_2003a, address={Oxford}, title={The English and the Normans: ethnic hostility, assimilation, and identity, 1066-c.1220}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Thomas, Hugh M.}, year={2003} }

@book{Thomas_2003b, address={Oxford}, title={The English and the Normans: ethnic hostility, assimilation, and identity, 1066-c.1220}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Thomas, Hugh M.}, year={2003} }

@book{Thompson_2005, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Cities of God: the religion of the Italian communes, 1125-1325}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Thompson, Augustine}, year={2005} }

@book{Thorndike_1944, title={University Records and Life in the Middle Ages}, author={Thorndike, Lynn}, year={1944} }

@book{Tierney_1964a, address={Englewood Cliffs [N.J.]}, title={The crisis of church and state 1050-1300}, volume={Sources of civilization in the West}, publisher={Prentice-Hall}, author={Tierney, Brian}, year={1964} }

@book{Tierney_1964b, address={Englewood Cliffs [N.J.]}, title={The crisis of church and state 1050-1300}, volume={Sources of civilization in the West}, publisher={Prentice-Hall}, author={Tierney, Brian}, year={1964} }

@book{Titow_1969, address={London}, title={English rural society 1200-1350}, volume={Historical problems, studies and documents}, publisher={Allen & Unwin}, author={Titow, J. Z.}, year={1969} }

@book{Tolan_1996, address={New York}, title={Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam: a book of essays}, volume={Garland medieval casebooks}, publisher={Garland}, author={Tolan, John Victor}, year={1996} }

@article{Tout_1921, title={The place of St. Thomas of Canterbury in history: a centenary study}, volume={6}, url={http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:1m1094}, journal={Bulletin of the John Rylands Library}, author={Tout, T F}, year={1921} }

@book{Trachtenberg_1945, title={The devil and the Jews, the medieval conception of the Jew and its relation to modern antisemitism}, author={Trachtenberg, Joshua}, year={1945} }

@inbook{Treharne_1970, address={London}, title={The nature of parliament in the reign of  Henry III}, booktitle={Historical studies of the English Parliament: Vol.1: Origins to 1399}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Treharne, R. F.}, year={1970} }

@book{Tugwell_1982, address={London}, title={Early Dominicans: selected writings}, volume={The classics of Western spirituality}, publisher={SPCK}, author={Tugwell, Simon}, year={1982} }

@book{Tugwell_2001, address={Dublin}, title={Saint Dominic and the Order of Preachers}, publisher={Dominican Publications}, author={Tugwell, Simon}, year={2001} }

@book{Turner_1988, address={Philadelphia}, title={Men raised from the dust: administrative service and upward mobility in Angevin England}, volume={Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Turner, Ralph V.}, year={1988} }

@book{Turner_2009, address={New Haven}, title={Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Turner, Ralph V.}, year={2009} }

@book{Turner_Turner_1978, address={New York}, title={Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture: anthropological perspectives}, volume={Lectures on the history of religions}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Turner, Victor and Turner, Edith L. B.}, year={1978} }

@book{Tyerman_1998, address={Basingstoke}, title={The invention of the Crusades}, publisher={Macmillan Press}, author={Tyerman, Christopher}, year={1998} }

@book{Uitz_1990, address={London}, title={Women in the medieval town}, publisher={Barrie & Jenkins}, author={Uitz, Erika}, year={1990} }

@book{Ullmann_1970, address={London}, edition={3rd ed}, title={The growth of papal government in the Middle Ages: a study in the ideological relation of clerical to lay power}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, Walter}, year={1970} }

@book{Ullmann_1972a, address={London}, title={A short history of the Papacy in the Middle Ages}, volume={University paperbacks}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, Walter}, year={1972} }

@book{Ullmann_1972b, address={London}, title={A short history of the Papacy in the Middle Ages}, volume={University paperbacks}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, Walter}, year={1972} }

@book{Ullmann_1972c, address={London}, title={A short history of the Papacy in the Middle Ages}, volume={University paperbacks}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Ullmann, Walter}, year={1972} }

@article{Van Engen_1986, title={The ‘Crisis of Cenobitism’ Reconsidered: Benedictine Monasticism in the Years 1050-1150}, volume={61}, DOI={10.2307/2854041}, number={2}, journal={Speculum}, author={Van Engen, John}, year={1986}, month={Apr}, pages={269–304} }

@inbook{Van Houts_1989, address={Woodbridge}, title={Robert of Torigni as Genealogist}, booktitle={Studies in medieval history presented to R. Allen Brown}, publisher={Boydell}, author={Van Houts, E. M. C.}, year={1989} }

@book{Van Houts_2000, address={Manchester}, title={The Normans in Europe}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Van Houts, Elisabeth M. C.}, year={2000} }

@book{Vauchez_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Sainthood in the later middle ages}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Vauchez, André}, year={1997} }

@book{Vauchez, address={Cambridge}, title={Sainthood in the later Middle Ages}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Vauchez, André} }

@book{Vauchez_Cusato_2012a, address={New Haven}, edition={1st English ed}, title={Francis of Assisi: the life and afterlife of a medieval saint}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Vauchez, André and Cusato, Michael F.}, year={2012} }

@book{Vauchez_Cusato_2012b, address={New Haven}, title={Francis of Assisi: the life and afterlife of a medieval saint}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=3421069}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Vauchez, André and Cusato, Michael F.}, year={2012} }

@book{Verbruggen_Willard_Southern_1977, address={Amsterdam [etc.]}, title={The art of warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages: from the eighth century to 1340}, volume={Europe in the Middle Ages}, publisher={North-Holland Publishing Co}, author={Verbruggen, J. F. and Willard, Sumner and Southern, S. C. M.}, year={1977} }

@book{Wakefield_1974a, address={London}, title={Heresy, crusade and inquisition in Southern France 1100-1250}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Wakefield, Walter L.}, year={1974} }

@book{Wakefield_1974b, address={London}, title={Heresy, crusade and inquisition in Southern France 1100-1250}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Wakefield, Walter L.}, year={1974} }

@book{Wakefield_Evans_1969a, address={New York}, title={Heresies of the high Middle Ages: selected sources}, volume={Records of civilization: sources and studies}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P.}, year={1969} }

@book{Wakefield_Evans_1969b, address={New York}, title={Heresies of the high Middle Ages: selected sources}, volume={Records of civilization: sources and studies}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Wakefield, Walter L. and Evans, Austin P.}, year={1969} }

@book{Waley_1961, address={London}, title={The papal state in the thirteenth century}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Waley, Daniel}, year={1961} }

@book{Waley_1991a, address={Cambridge}, title={Siena and the Sienese in the thirteenth century}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511583865}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Waley, Daniel}, year={1991} }

@book{Waley_2001, address={Harlow}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Later Medieval Europe 1250-1520}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel}, year={2001} }

@book{Waley_1991b, address={Cambridge}, title={Siena and the Sienese in the thirteenth century}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip}, year={1991} }

@book{Waley_Dean_2010, address={Harlow}, edition={4th ed}, title={The Italian city-republics}, publisher={Longman}, author={Waley, Daniel Philip and Dean, Trevor}, year={2010} }

@book{Walker_1990, address={Cambridge}, title={Medieval Wales}, volume={Cambridge medieval textbooks}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9781139167888}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Walker, David}, year={1990} }

@book{Ward_1987a, address={Philadelphia}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={Miracles and the medieval mind: theory, record, and event, 1000-1215}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Ward, Benedicta}, year={1987} }

@book{Ward_1987b, address={Aldershot}, edition={Rev. ed}, title={Miracles and the medieval mind: theory, record and event 1000-1215}, publisher={Wildwood}, author={Ward, Benedicta}, year={1987} }

@article{Ward, title={Relics and the medieval mind}, volume={10}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/external-search?queryString=Ward, miracles medieval mind&clusterResults=on&stickyFacetsChecked=on#/oclc/4839577780}, DOI={10.1080/1474225X.2010.506763}, number={4}, journal={International journal for the Study of the Christian Church}, author={Ward, Benedicta} }

@book{Warren_1973a, address={London}, title={Henry II}, publisher={Eyre Methuen}, author={Warren, W. L.}, year={1973} }

@book{Warren_1973b, address={London}, title={Henry II}, publisher={Eyre Methuen}, author={Warren, W. L.}, year={1973} }

@book{Warren_1987, address={London}, title={The governance of Norman and Angevin England 1086-1272}, volume={The governance of England}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Warren, W. L.}, year={1987} }

@book{Watkins_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={History and the Supernatural in Medieval England}, volume={no. 66}, url={https://www-cambridge-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/core/books/history-and-the-supernatural-in-medieval-england/87C68CB9578C4CCA14AEDAD6B0E4FC04}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Watkins, C. S.}, year={2008} }

@book{Watt_1997, address={Cardiff}, title={Medieval women in their communities}, publisher={University of Wales Press}, author={Watt, Diane}, year={1997} }

@book{Watt_1972, address={Edinburgh}, title={The influence of Islam on medieval Europe}, volume={Islamic surveys}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Watt, W. Montgomery}, year={1972} }

@book{Waugh_Diehl_1996a, address={Cambridge}, title={Christendom and its discontents: exclusion, persecution, and rebellion, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Waugh, Scott L. and Diehl, Peter D.}, year={1996} }

@book{Waugh_Diehl_1996b, address={Cambridge}, title={Christendom and its discontents: exclusion, persecution, and rebellion, 1000-1500}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Waugh, Scott L. and Diehl, Peter D.}, year={1996} }

@book{Webb_1999a, address={London}, title={Pilgrims and pilgrimage in the medieval West}, volume={12}, publisher={I.B. Tauris}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={1999} }

@book{Webb_1999b, address={London}, title={Pilgrims and pilgrimage in the medieval West}, volume={International library of historical studies}, publisher={I.B. Tauris}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={1999} }

@book{Webb_2000, address={London}, title={Pilgrimage in medieval England}, publisher={Hambledon and London}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={2000} }

@book{Webb_2002a, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Medieval European pilgrimage, c.700-c.1500}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={2002} }

@book{Webb_2002b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Medieval European pilgrimage, c.700-c.1500}, volume={European culture and society}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Webb, Diana}, year={2002} }

@book{Webber_2005a, address={Woodbridge}, title={The evolution of Norman identity, 911-1154}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Webber, Nick}, year={2005} }

@book{Webber_2005b, address={Woodbridge}, title={The evolution of Norman identity, 911-1154}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Webber, Nick}, year={2005} }

@article{Wei_2011, title={From Twelfth-Century Schools to Thirteenth-Century Universities: The Disappearance of Biographical and Autobiographical Representations of Scholars}, volume={86}, DOI={10.1017/S0038713410003489}, number={1}, journal={Speculum}, author={Wei, Ian P.}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={42–78} }

@book{Wei_2012a, address={Cambridge}, title={Intellectual culture in medieval Paris: theologians and the university, c.1100-1330}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wei, Ian P.}, year={2012} }

@book{Wei_2012b, address={Cambridge}, title={Intellectual culture in medieval Paris: theologians and the University, c.1100-1330}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511842108}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wei, Ian P.}, year={2012} }

@book{Wei_2012c, address={Cambridge}, title={Intellectual culture in medieval Paris: theologians and the University, c.1100-1330}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511842108}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wei, Ian P.}, year={2012} }

@article{Werkmeister_1976, address={Torino}, title={The political ideology of the Bayeux Tapestry}, volume={17}, journal={Studi medievali}, publisher={Chiantore}, author={Werkmeister, O.K.}, year={1976} }

@article{WHITE_1990, address={London}, title={The End of Stephen’s Reign}, volume={75}, number={243}, journal={History}, publisher={Historical Association}, author={WHITE, GRAEME J.}, year={1990}, pages={3–22} }

@book{White_1962a, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval technology and social change}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={White, Lynn Townend}, year={1962} }

@book{White_1962b, address={Oxford}, title={Medieval technology and social change}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={White, Lynn Townend}, year={1962} }

@book{Wickham_2016, address={New Haven}, title={Medieval Europe}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2016} }

@book{Williams_Echols_1994, address={Princeton}, title={Between pit and pedestal: women in the Middle Ages}, publisher={Markus Wiener}, author={Williams, Marty Newman and Echols, Anne}, year={1994} }

@book{Wilson_1985, address={London}, title={The Bayeux Tapestry: the complete tapestry in colour}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Wilson, David M.}, year={1985} }

@book{Wolf_1995, address={Philadelphia}, title={Making history: the Normans and their historians in eleventh-century Italy}, volume={Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Wolf, Kenneth Baxter}, year={1995} }

@article{Wolfram_1990, title={The Genre of Origo Gentis [Le genre de l’Origo gentis]}, volume={68}, DOI={10.3406/rbph.1990.3742}, number={4}, journal={Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire}, author={Wolfram, Herwig}, year={1990}, pages={789–801} }

@book{Wood_1967, address={New York}, title={Philip the Fair and Boniface VIII: state vs. Papacy}, volume={European problem studies}, publisher={Holt, Rinehart & Winston}, author={Wood, Charles T.}, year={1967} }

@book{Wood_2002, address={Cambridge, UK}, title={Medieval economic thought}, url={https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/559081001}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wood, Diana}, year={2002} }

@book{Wood_Ecclesiastical History Society_1992, address={Oxford}, title={Christianity and Judaism: papers read at the 1991 summer meeting and the 1992 winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society}, volume={Studies in church history}, publisher={Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society}, author={Wood, Diana and Ecclesiastical History Society}, year={1992} }

@book{Young_2014, address={Cambridge}, title={Scholarly Community at the Early University of Paris: Theologians, Education and Society, 1215–1248}, volume={Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139381178}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Young, Spencer E.}, year={2014} }

@book{Yule_Cordier_1914, address={London}, edition={New ed., rev. throughout in the light of recent discoveries}, title={Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China, Vol.3: Missionary friars - Rashiduddin - Pegolotti - Marignolli}, volume={Vol. 3: Letters and reports of missionary friars from Cathay and India (1292-1338)}, publisher={Hakluyt Society}, author={Yule, Henry and Cordier, Henri}, year={1914} }

@book{Lynch_1988, address={Edinburgh}, title={Scottish Mediaeval Town}, publisher={John Donald Publishers Ltd}, year={1988}, month={Jul} }

@book{The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century_1991, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, year={1991} }

@misc{Halsall_1997, title={Internet Medieval Sourcebook – The Crusades}, url={http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.asp}, year={1997} }

@book{Skinner_2003, address={Woodbridge}, title={The Jews in medieval Britain: historical, literary and archeological perspectives}, publisher={The Boydell Press}, year={2003} }

@book{Loengard_2010, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={Magna Carta and the England of King John}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt9qdgws}, publisher={The Boydell Press}, year={2010} }

@book{Amt_2010b, address={London}, edition={Second edition}, title={Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook}, url={https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315881331}, publisher={Routledge}, year={2010} }

@book{Brenner_Franklin-Brown_Cohen_2013, address={Farnham}, title={Memory and commemoration in medieval culture}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=4512347}, publisher={Ashgate}, year={2013} }

@book{Powell_2014, address={Princeton}, title={Muslims Under Latin Rule, 1100-1300}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, year={2014} }

@book{Loud_Staub_2017, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk}, title={The making of medieval history}, publisher={York Medieval Press}, year={2017} }

@book{Brown_Stevenson_2017a, address={Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK}, title={Medieval St Andrews: church, cult, city}, publisher={Boydell Press}, year={2017} }

@book{Brown_Stevenson_2017b, address={Woodbridge}, title={Medieval St Andrews}, publisher={Boydell & Brewer Ltd}, year={2017}, month={Feb} }

@misc{Internet Medieval Sourcebook (Fordham), url={https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/sbook.asp} }

@misc{Manchester Medieval sources online, url={https://www-manchesterhive-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/page/mmso/manchester-medieval-sources-online}, publisher={Ingenta} }

@misc{Global Medieval Sourcebook, url={http://sourcebook.stanford.edu/} }

@misc{The Online Medieval & Classical Library, url={http://mcllibrary.org/} }

@misc{Articles on the Crusades’, De Re Militari – Online Resources for Medieval Military History, url={https://deremilitari.org/tag/crusades/} }

@misc{Marie de France: Lais, url={http://users.clas.ufl.edu/jshoaf/Marie/} }

@misc{Peter Abelard: Historia Calamitatum, url={http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/abelard-histcal.asp} }

@misc{BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Abelard and Heloise, url={http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003k9c7} }

@misc{Internet History Sourcebooks, url={http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1r.asp#11th-12th%20Century%20Thought} }

@misc{Abelard and Heloise - A New Musical, url={http://www.abelardandheloise.com/Home.html} }

@misc{Abelard and Heloise - A Musical Drama, url={http://abelardandheloise.net/} }

@misc{Magna Carta, url={http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/sbook1n.asp#Parliamentary Origins in England} }

@misc{Magna Carta :: Treasures in Full, url={http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/index.html} }

@article{Magna Carta, url={http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta} }

@misc{Some Letters of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux - Christian Classics Ethereal Library, url={http://www.ccel.org/ccel/bernard/letters.html} }