Bibliography for HIST10042: The Medieval World

A., M. (1981) ‘Confession as a historical source in the thirteenth century’’, in The Writing of history in the Middle Ages: essays presented to Richard William Southern. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Abelard and Heloise - A Musical Drama (no date). Available at: http://abelardandheloise.net/.

Abelard and Heloise - A New Musical (no date). Available at: http://www.abelardandheloise.com/Home.html.

Abelard, P. (1966) ‘Sic et Non: Prologue’, in Sources for the history of medieval Europe from the mid-eighth to the mid-thirteenth century. Oxford: Blackwell.

Abelard, P. et al. (2003) The letters of Abelard and Heloise. [Rev ed.]. London: Penguin.

Abelard, P. and Héloïse (2003) The letters of Abelard and Heloise. [Rev ed.]. London: Penguin.

Abou-El-Haj, B.F. (1994) The medieval cult of saints: formations and transformations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abulafia, D. (2004) Italy in the central Middle Ages, 1000-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

A.D., C. (1989) ‘Anglo-Welsh relations 1066-1282’, in England and her neighbours, 1066-1453: essays in honour of Pierre Chaplais. London: Hambledon.

Aigle, D. (no date) The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality: Studies in Anthropological History. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1826879.

A.J., G. (1997) ‘The merchant’, in The medieval world. London: Parkgate.

Albu, E. (1998) ‘The Normans and their Myths’, The Haskins Society journal: studies in medieval history, 11.

Alfonso, I. (19911101) ‘Cistercians and Feudalism’, Past & Present [Preprint], (133). Available at: https://www-jstor-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/stable/650765?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.

Ames, C.C. (2009) Righteous persecution: inquisition, Dominicans, and Christianity in the Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Amt, E. (1993a) The accession of Henry II in England: royal government restored, 1149-1159. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Amt, E. (1993b) Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook. New York: Routledge.

Amt, E. (2010a) Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook. Second edition. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Amt, E. (ed.) (2010b) Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook. Second edition. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315881331.

Anderson, B.R.O. (2006) Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Rev. ed. London: Verso.

Anderson, B.S. and Zinsser, J.P. (1990) A history of their own: women in Europe from prehistory to the present, Vol.1. London: Penguin.

Arnold, B. (1985) German knighthood 1050-1300. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Arnold, B. (1991) Princes and territories in medieval Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511583674.

Arnold, B. (1997) Medieval Germany, 500-1300: a political interpretation. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Arnold, J. (2005a) Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe. London: Hodder Arnold.

Arnold, J. (2005b) Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe. London: Hodder Arnold.

Arnold, J.H. (2001) Inquisition and power: Catharism and the confessing subject in medieval Languedoc. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhsxf.

Arnold, J.H. (2005) ‘Dissent’, in Belief and unbelief in medieval Europe. London: Hodder Arnold, pp. 191–231.

Articles on the Crusades’, De Re Militari – Online Resources for Medieval Military History (no date). Available at: https://deremilitari.org/tag/crusades/.

Asbridge, T.S. (2012) The Crusades: the war for the Holy Land. London: Simon & Schuster.

Assmann, A. (2011) Cultural memory and western civilization: functions, media, archives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Aston, T.H. (1958) ‘The Origins of the Manor in England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3678909.

B, R. (1984) ‘The French scholar-lover: Heloise’’, in Medieval women writers. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

B., S. (1970) ‘Capetian France’, in France, government and society: an historical survey. 2nd ed. London: Methuen.

Baker, D. and Hill, R.M.T. (1978) Medieval women. Oxford: Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society.

BALDWIN, J.W. (1970) Masters, princes and merchants : the social views of Peter the Chanter and his circle. 1, Text.

Baldwin, J.W. (1970a) Masters, princes and merchants: the social views of Peter the Chanter and his circle. 2, Notes.

Baldwin, J.W. (1970b) ‘The Chanter’s Circle at Paris’, in Masters, princes and merchants : the social views of Peter the Chanter and his circle. 1, Text, pp. 17–46.

Baldwin, J.W. (1971) The scholastic culture of the Middle Ages, 1000-1300. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath.

Baldwin, J.W. (1991) ‘Masters at Paris from 1179 to 1215: A social perspective’, in R.L. Benson, G. Constable, and C.D. Lanham (eds) Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century. Toronto: published by University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America.

Baldwin, J.W. (1994) The language of sex: five voices from northern France around 1200. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Baldwin, J.W. (2000) Aristocratic life in medieval France: the romances of Jean Renart and Gerbert de Montreuil, 1190-1230. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press.

BALDWIN, J.W. (no date) Scholastic culture of the middle ages,1000-13.

Bale, A.P. (2010) Feeling persecuted: Christians, Jews and images of violence in the Middle Ages. London: Reaktion.

Barbara H. Rosenwein and Lester K. Little (1974) ‘Social Meaning in the Monastic and Mendicant Spiritualities’, Past & Present, (63), pp. 4–32. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639888968.

Barber, M. (1982a) ‘The world picture of Philip the fair’, Journal of Medieval History, 8(1). Available at: https://www-sciencedirect-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/0304418182900045.

Barber, M. (1982b) ‘The world picture of Philip the fair’, Journal of Medieval History, 8(1), pp. 13–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4181(82)90004-5.

Barber, M. (2000a) The Cathars: dualist heretics in Languedoc in the high Middle Ages. Harlow: Longman.

Barber, M. (2000b) The Cathars: dualist heretics in Languedoc in the high Middle Ages. Harlow: Longman.

Barber, M. (2004a) The two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Barber, M. (2004b) The two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Barber, M. (2004c) Two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Barber, M. (2004d) Two cities: medieval Europe, 1050-1320. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Barber, R.W. (1995a) The knight and chivalry. Rev. ed. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.

Barber, R.W. (1995b) The knight and chivalry. Rev. ed. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Barber, R.W. and Barker, J.R.V. (1989) Tournaments: jousts, chivalry and pageants in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Barker, J.R.V. (1986a) The tournament in England, 1100-1400. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: Boydell Press.

Barker, J.R.V. (1986b) The tournament in England, 1100-1400. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Barlow, F. (1983) The Norman Conquest and beyond. London: Hambledon Press.

Barlow, F. (1986) Thomas Becket. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Barlow, F. (1999a) The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216. 5th ed. London: Longman.

Barlow, F. (1999b) The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216. 5th ed. London: Longman.

Barlow, F. (1999c) The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216. 5th ed. London: Longman.

Barraclough, G. (1968a) The medieval papacy. London: Thames & Hudson.

Barraclough, G. (1968b) The medieval papacy. London: Thames & Hudson.

Barraclough, G. (1988) The origins of modern Germany. 2nd ed. reissued with new bibliography. Oxford: Blackwell.

Barrell, A.D.M. (2000) Medieval Scotland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=16175&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth.

Barron, C.M., Burgess, C., and Harlaxton Symposium (2010) Memory and commemoration in medieval England: proceedings of the 2008 Harlaxton Symposium. Donington: Shaun Tyas.

Barrow, G.W.S. (1966) ‘The Anglo-Scottish Border’, Northern History, 1(1), pp. 21–42. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/nhi.1966.1.1.21.

Barrow, G.W.S. (1980) The Anglo-Norman era in Scottish history: the Ford lectures delivered in the University of Oxford in Hilary term, 1977. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Barrow, G.W.S. (1992) Scotland and its neighbours in the Middle Ages. London: Hambledon Press.

Barrow, G.W.S. (2003) Kingship and unity: Scotland 1000-1306. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Bartlett, R. (1982) Gerald of Wales, 1146-1223. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bartlett, R. (1994a) The making of Europe: conquest, colonization and cultural change, 950 - 1350. London: Penguin.

Bartlett, R. (1994b) The making of Europe: conquest, colonization and cultural change, 950-1350. London: Penguin.

Bartlett, R. (2000) England under the Norman and Angevin kings, 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bartlett, R. (2013) Why can the dead do such great things?: saints and worshippers from the martyrs to the Reformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Bartlett, R. (19830701) ‘Rewriting Saints’ Lives: The Case of Gerald of Wales’, Speculum, 58(3). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5552828417&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0038-7134&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.atitle=Rewriting+Saints%27+Lives%3A+The+Case+of+Gerald+of+Wales&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.date=1983&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=598&rft.epage=613&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5552828417.

Barton, S. and Fletcher, R.A. (2000) The world of El Cid: chronicles of the Spanish reconquest : selected sources. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Bassett, S. (1992) Death in towns: urban responses to the dying and the dead, 100-1600. London: Leicester University Press.

Bates, D. (1982) Normandy before 1066. London: Longman.

Bautier, R.-H. (1971) The economic development of medieval Europe. London: Thames and Hudson.

BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Abelard and Heloise (no date). Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003k9c7.

Beaune, C. and Cheyette, F.L. (1991) The birth of an ideology: myths and symbols of nation in late-medieval France. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Beckingham, C.F. (1983) Between Islam and Christendom: travellers, facts and legends in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. London: Variorum Reprints.

Bedos-Rezak, B.M. (2000) ‘Medieval Identity: A Sign and a Concept’, The American Historical Review, 105(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2652028.

Bennett, J.M. (1987) Women in the medieval English countryside: gender and household in Brigstock before the plague. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bennett, J.M. (1989) Sisters and workers in the Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bennett, R.F. (1937) The early Dominicans: studies in thirteenth century Dominican history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Benton, J.F. (1975) ‘Fraud, Fiction and Borrowing in the Correspondence of Abelard and Heloise’, in Pierre Abélard, Pierre le Vénérable: les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XIIe siècle ; [actes et mémoires du Colloque international], Abbaye de Cluny, 2 au 9 juillet 1972. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pp. 469–511.

Benton, J.F. (1982a) ‘Consciousness of self and perceptions of individuality’, in Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, pp. 263–295.

Benton, J.F. (1982b) ‘Consciousness of self and perceptions of individuality’, in Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, pp. 263–295.

Benton, J.F. and Prosperetti, F.E. (1975) ‘The style of the Historia Calamitatum’, Viator, 6.

Beresford, M. (1967a) New towns of the Middle Ages: town plantation in England, Wales and Gascony. London: Lutterworth Press.

Beresford, M. (1967b) New towns of the Middle Ages: town plantation in England, Wales and Gascony. London: Lutterworth Press.

Bernstein, D.J. (1986) The mystery of the Bayeux Tapestry. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Biller, P. and Hudson, A. (1994) Heresy and literacy, 1000-1530. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Biller, P. and Minnis, A.J. (1998) Handling sin: Confession in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press.

Binski, P. (1996) Medieval death: ritual and representation. London: British Museum Press.

Birch, D.J. (1998a) Pilgrimage to Rome in the Middle Ages: continuity and change. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.

Birch, D.J. (1998b) Pilgrimage to Rome in the Middle Ages: continuity and change. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Bisson, T.N. (1978) ‘The Problem of Feudal Monarchy: Aragon, Catalonia, and France’, Speculum, 53(3), pp. 460–478. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2855140.

Bisson, T.N. (1986) The medieval crown of Aragon: a short history. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202363.001.0001.

Bisson, T.N. (19780701) ‘The Problem of Feudal Monarchy: Aragon, Catalonia, and France’, Speculum, 53(3). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5552650603.

B.K.U., W. (2001) ‘Kingship, usurpation and propaganda in twelfth-century Europe: the case of Stephen’, in Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 2000. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Black, A. (1992a) Political thought in Europe, 1250-1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Black, A. (1992b) Political thought in Europe, 1250-1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139170178.

Blake, E.O. (1970a) ‘The Formation of the “Crusade Idea”’, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 21(01), pp. 11–31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900048429.

Blake, E.O. (1970b) ‘The Formation of the ?Crusade Idea?’, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 21(01), pp. 11–31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900048429.

Blake, E.O. (197001) ‘The Formation of the “Crusade Idea”’, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 21(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900048429.

Blanks, D.R. and Frassetto, M. (1999a) Western views of Islam in medieval and early modern Europe: perception of other. 1st ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=308381.

Blanks, D.R. and Frassetto, M. (1999b) Western views of Islam in medieval and early modern Europe: perception of other. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=308381.

Bloch, M. (2014) Feudal Society. Routledge. Available at: https://www-taylorfrancis-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/books/9781315772165.

Bloch, M., Manyon, L.A. and Koziol, G. (2014a) Feudal society. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315772165.

Bloch, M., Manyon, L.A. and Koziol, G. (2014b) Feudal society. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315772165.

Bloch, R.H. (2003) The anonymous Marie de France. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bloomberg, J. (2000) The Jewish world in the Middle Ages. New York: KTAV Publishing House.

Blumenthal, U.-R. (1988) The investiture controversy: church and monarchy from the ninth to the twelfth century. Philadelphia [Pa.]: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fht77.

Boase, T.S.R. (1933) ‘Boniface VIII’, in. London: Constable.

Bolton, B. (1995) Innocent III: studies on papal authority and pastoral care. Aldershot: Variorum.

Bolton, J.L. (2012) Money in the medieval English economy 973-1489. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Bolton, J.L. (no date) Money in the medieval English economy 973-1489. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Boone, M. (2002) ‘Urban Space and Political Conflict in Late Medieval Flanders’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 32(4), pp. 621–640. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/002219502317345538.

Boone, M. (20020401) ‘Urban Space and Political Conflict in Late Medieval Flanders’, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 32(4). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5549048478&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0022-1953&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.atitle=Urban+Space+and+Political+Conflict+in+Late+Medieval+Flanders&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=621&rft.epage=640&rft.issn=0022-1953&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5549048478.

Boswell, J. and Jordan, M.D. (2015) Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: gay people in western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century. Thirty-fifth anniversary edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Bouchard, C.B. (1987) Sword, miter, and cloister: nobility and the church in Burgundy, 980-1198. Ithaca,N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Bouchard, C.B. (1998) ‘Strong of body, brave and noble’: chivalry and society in medieval France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Bouchard, C.B. (2003) ‘Every valley shall be exalted’: the discourse of opposites in twelfth-century thought. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Bouchard, C.B. (2009) Holy entrepreneurs: Cistercians, knights, and economic exchange in twelfth-century Burgundy. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Bradbury, J. (1998a) Philip Augustus: King of France, 1180-1223. London: Longman.

Bradbury, J. (1998b) The Battle of Hastings. Stroud: Sutton.

Bradbury, J. (2009) Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139-53. Stroud: History Press.

Braet, H. and Verbeke, W. (1983) Death in the middle ages. Leuven: Leuven University Press.

Brenner, E., Franklin-Brown, M. and Cohen, M. (eds) (2013) Memory and commemoration in medieval culture. Farnham: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=4512347.

Britnell, R.H. (1993) The commercialisation of English Society, 1000-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Britnell, R.H. (1996a) The commercialisation of English society, 1000 - 1500. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Britnell, R.H. (1996b) The commercialisation of English society, 1000-1500. 2nd ed. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.

Britnell, R.H. and Campbell, B.M.S. (1995) A Commercialising economy: England 1086 to c. 1300. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Brooke, C.N.L. (1969a) The twelfth century renaissance. London: Thames and Hudson.

Brooke, C.N.L. (1969b) The twelfth century renaissance. London: Thames and Hudson.

Brooke, C.N.L. (1974) The monastic world, 1000-1300. New York: Random House.

Brooke, C.N.L. (1989a) The medieval idea of marriage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205043.001.0001.

Brooke, C.N.L. (1989b) The medieval idea of marriage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205043.001.0001.

Brooke, C.N.L. (1994) The medieval idea of marriage. Oxford: Clarendon.

Brooke, C.N.L. (2000) Europe in the central Middle Ages, 962-1154. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Longman.

Brooke, C.N.L. (19560101) ‘Gregorian Reform in Action: Clerical Marriage in England, 1050-1200’, The Cambridge Historical Journal, 12(1). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5548995241&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A1474-6913&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=C&rft.auinitm=N&rft.atitle=Gregorian+Reform+in+Action%3A+Clerical+Marriage+in+England%2C+1050-1200&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+Historical+Journal&rft.date=1956&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=21&rft.issn=1474-6913&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5548995241.

Brooke, R.B. (1975) The coming of the friars. London: Allen and Unwin.

Brooke, R.B. and Brooke, C.N.L. (1984) Popular religion in the Middle Ages: Western Europe 1000-1300. London: Thames and Hudson.

Brooks, N.P. and Walker, H.E. (1997) ‘The Authority and Interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry’, in The study of the Bayeux Tapestry. Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 63–92.

Brown, E.A.R. (1974) ‘The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe’, The American Historical Review, 79(4). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4646539834.

Brown, M. and Stevenson, K. (eds) (2017a) Medieval St Andrews. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer Ltd.

Brown, M. and Stevenson, K. (eds) (2017b) Medieval St Andrews: church, cult, city. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press.

Brown, R.A. (1973a) Origins of English feudalism. London: Allen and Unwin.

Brown, R.A. (1973b) Origins of English feudalism. London: Allen and Unwin.

Brown, S.A. (1988) The Bayeux Tapestry: history and bibliography. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Browning, R. (no date) The Byzantine Empire. Rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.

Bruce, S.G. (2007) Silence and sign language in medieval monasticism: the Cluniac tradition c. 900-1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/silence-and-sign-language-in-medieval-monasticism/24F1883B33891602C2DAFF8F40B4272B.

Brundage, J.A. (1987a) Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Brundage, J.A. (1987b) Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=432200.

Brundage, J.A. (1993) Sex, law and marriage in the Middle Ages. Aldershot: Variorum.

Bruschi, C. and Biller, P. (2003) Texts and the repression of Medieval heresy. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press.

Bruun, M.B. (2013) The Cambridge companion to the Cistercian order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCO9780511735899.

Bull, M. (1993) ‘The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade’, History, 78(254), pp. 353–372. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1993.tb02249.x.

Bull, M.G. (1993a) Knightly piety and the lay response to the First Crusade: the Limousin and Gascony, c.970-c.1130. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bull, M.G. (1993b) Knightly piety and the lay response to the First Crusade: the Limousin and Gascony, c.970-c.1130. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bull, M.G. (1999) The miracles of Our Lady of Rocamadour: analysis and translation. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Bull, M.G. (2002) France in the central Middle Ages, 900-1200. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bull, M.G. (2005) Thinking medieval: an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bullough, V. (1973) ‘Medieval medical and scientific views of women’, Viator, 4.

Bullough, V.L. and Brundage, J.A. (1982) Sexual practices & the medieval church. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.

Bumke, J. (1982) The concept of knighthood in the Middle Ages. New York: AMS.

Burgess, G.S. (1990) The song of Roland. London: Penguin.

Burgess, G.S., Busby, K., and Marie (1999) The Lais of Marie de France. 2nd ed. with two further lais in the original Old French. London: Penguin.

Burl, A. (2002) God’s heretics: the Albigensian Crusade. Stroud: Sutton.

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Hamilton, B. (1974a) The Albigensian Crusade. London: Historical Association.

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John Hatcher (1981) ‘English Serfdom and Villeinage: Towards a Reassessment’, Past & Present, (90), pp. 3–39. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639894699.

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K., L. (1965) ‘The polemics of the papal revolution’, in Trends in medieval political thought. Oxford: Blackwell.

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Karras, R.M. (no date) From boys to men: formations of masculinity in late medieval Europe. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

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Kedar, B.Z. (1993) The Franks in the Levant, 11th to 14th centuries. Aldershot: Variorum.

Ḳedar, B.Z. (2014) Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward the Muslims. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/884013477.

Kedar, B.Z. (19981001) ‘Crusade Historians and the Massacres of 1096’, Jewish History, 12(2). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5542565437.

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Keen, M. (1996) Nobles, knights and men-at-arms in the Middle Ages. London: Hambledon Press.

Keen, M. (2005) ‘The secular origins of chivalry’, in Chivalry. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, pp. 18–43.

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K.F., W. (1978) ‘Kingdom and principality in twelfth-century France’, in The Medieval nobility: studies on the ruling classes of France and Germany from the sixth to the twelfth century. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

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Kienzle, B.M., James, B.S., and Bernard (1998a) The letters of St. Bernard of Clairvaux. Thrupp, Stroud: Sutton Publishing.

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KING, E. (1974) ‘King Stephen and the Anglo-Norman aristocracy*’, History, 59(195), pp. 180–194. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1974.tb02213.x.

King, E. (1994) The Anarchy of King Stephen’s reign. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203643.001.0001.

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Lambert, M. (2002) ‘Heretical preachers and the rise of catharism’, in Medieval heresy: popular movements from the Gregorian reform to the Reformation. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 52–69.

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Latouche, R. and Wilkinson, E.M. (2006) The birth of the western economy: economic aspects of the Dark Ages. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www-taylorfrancis-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/books/9781315019659.

Latouche, R., Wilkinson, E.M. and Grierson, P. (2006) The Birth of the Western economy: Economic Aspects of the Dark Ages. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315019659.

Lawrence, C.H. (1994) The friars: the impact of the early mendicant movement on Western society. London: Longman.

Lawrence, C.H. (2001a) Medieval monasticism : forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Third edition. London: Routledge.

Lawrence, C.H. (2001b) Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Pearson Education.

Lawrence, C.H. (2001c) Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Pearson Education.

Lawrence, C.H. (2001d) Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. 3rd ed. Harlow, England: Pearson Education.

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Le Goff, J. (1997) The medieval world. London: Parkgate Books.

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Le Roy Ladurie, E. (1980b) Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village, 1294-1324. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

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Lees, C.A., Fenster, T.S. and McNamara, J.A. (no date) Medieval masculinities: regarding men in the Middle Ages. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

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Leff, G. (1967a) Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.1. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Leff, G. (1967b) Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.1. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Leff, G. (1967c) Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.2. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Leff, G. (1967d) Heresy in the later middle ages: the relation of heterodoxy to dissent, c.1250-c.1450, Vol.2. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

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Lesnick, D.R. (1989a) Preaching in medieval Florence: the social world of Franciscan and Dominican spirituality. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Lesnick, D.R. (1989b) Preaching in medieval Florence: the social world of Franciscan and Dominican spirituality. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Lester K. Little (1964) ‘Saint Louis’ Involvement with the Friars’, Church History, 33(2), pp. 125–148. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5548315703&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0009-6407&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft.auinitm=K&rft.atitle=Saint+Louis%27+Involvement+with+the+Friars&rft.jtitle=Church+History&rft.date=1964&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.epage=148&rft.issn=0009-6407&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5548315703.

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Lilie, R.-J. (1993a) Byzantium and the crusader states, 1096-1204. Oxford: Clarendon. Available at: https://oxford-universitypressscholarship-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204077.001.0001/acprof-9780198204077.

Lilie, R.-J. (1993b) Byzantium and the crusader states, 1096-1204. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204077.001.0001.

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Lilley, K.D. (2002b) Urban life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Lilley, K.D. (2002c) Urban life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Lilley, K.D. (2009a) City and cosmos: the medieval world in urban form. London: Reaktion Books.

Lilley, K.D. (2009b) City and cosmos: the medieval world in urban form. London: Reaktion Books.

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Little, L.K. (1983a) Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Little, L.K. (1983b) Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

L.J., L. (1977) ‘Chapter 4’, in The Cistercians: ideals and reality. Kent [Ohio]: Kent State University Press.

Loengard, J.S. (ed.) (2010) Magna Carta and the England of King John. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt9qdgws.

Lomax, D.W. (1978) The reconquest of Spain. London: Longman.

Lopez, R.S. (1976) ‘The Growth of Self-Centred Agriculture’, in The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950–1350. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 27–55. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511583933.

Lopez, R.S. (no date) The commercial revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press.

Loud, G. (1981) ‘‘How "Norman” was the Norman conquest of Southern Italy?’’, Nottingham medieval studies, 25.

Loud, G. (no date) ‘How "Norman” was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?’, Nottingham medieval studies, 25.

Loud, G.A. (2013) The age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Norman conquest. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315846224.

Loud, G.A. and Staub, M. (eds) (2017) The making of medieval history. Woodbridge, Suffolk: York Medieval Press.

Lourie, E. (1966) ‘A Society Organized for War: Medieval Spain’, Past & Present, 35, pp. 54–76. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/649966?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Loyn, H.R. (1982) The Norman Conquest. 3rd ed. London: Hutchinson.

Lucas, A.M. (1982a) Women in the Middle Ages: religion, marriage and letters. Brighton: Harvester Press.

Lucas, A.M. (1982b) Women in the Middle Ages: religion, marriage and letters. Brighton: Harvester Press.

Luscombe, D.E. (1969) The school of Peter Abelard: the influence of Abelard’s thought in the early scholastic period. Cambridge: University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511896781.

Luscombe, D.E. (1979) Peter Abelard. London: Historical Association.

Luscombe, D.E. (2002) Peter Abelard. 2nd ed. Oxford: Davenant Press.

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M., B. (no date) ‘The roots of lay enthusiasm for the First Crusade’’, History, 78. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-229X.

M., L. (1991) ‘The lamb and the scapegoat: the dehumanization of the Jews in medieval propaganda imagery’, in Anti-semitism in times of crisis. New York: New York University Press.

M., O. (no date) ‘1066: the Moment of Transition in two narratives of the Norman Conquest’’. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5545598792.

Maalouf, A. (2006) The Crusades through Arab eyes. London: Saqi Essentials.

MacKay, A. (1977) Spain in the Middle Ages: from frontier to empire, 1000-1500. London: Macmillan.

Maddicott, J.R. (1975) The English peasantry and the demands of the crown, 1294-1341. Oxford [Eng.]: Past and Present Society.

Maddicott, J.R. (1994) Simon de Montfort. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Maddicott, John Robert (2010) The origins of the English Parliament, 924-1327. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Maddicott, J. R. (2010) The origins of the English parliament, 924-1327. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585502.001.0001.

Magna Carta (no date a). Available at: http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/sbook1n.asp#Parliamentary Origins in England.

‘Magna Carta’ (no date b). Available at: http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta.

Magna Carta :: Treasures in Full (no date). Available at: http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/index.html.

Maier, C.T. (1994) Preaching the Crusades: mendicant friars and the Cross in the thirteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511582059.

Manchester Medieval sources online (no date). Ingenta. Available at: https://www-manchesterhive-com.bris.idm.oclc.org/page/mmso/manchester-medieval-sources-online.

Marie, de France, active 12th century (no date) French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays of Marie de France. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11417?msg=welcome_stranger.

Marie de France: Lais (no date). Available at: http://users.clas.ufl.edu/jshoaf/Marie/.

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Mason, E. (1991b) Norman kingship. Bangor: Headstart History.

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Matthew, D. (1992) The Norman kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167741.

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Mayer, H.E. (1988b) The crusades. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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McKitterick, R. (2004) History and memory in the Carolingian world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617003.

McKitterick, R. (2014) ‘The pleasures of the past: history and identity in the early Middle Ages’, Early Medieval Europe, 22(4), pp. 388–405. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12077.

McLaughlin, M.M. (1967) ‘Abelard as autobiographer: the motives and meaning of his Story of Calamities’, Speculum, 42(3), pp. 463–488. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbris.worldcat.org%3Aworldcat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5552827433&rft_id=urn%3AISSN%3A0038-7134&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.auinitm=M&rft.atitle=Abelard+as+Autobiographer%3A+The+Motives+and+Meaning+of+His+%22Story+of+Calamities%22&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.date=1967&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.epage=488&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_dat=%7B%22stdrt1%22%3A%22ArtChap%22%2C%22stdrt2%22%3A%22Artcl%22%7D&req_id=info:rfa/oclc/institutions/132607&req_dat=&rfe_dat=5552827433.

Menache, S. (1990) The vox Dei: communication in the Middle Ages. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mews, C.J. (2001) The lost love letters of Heloise and Abelard: perceptions of dialogue in twelfth-century France. New York: Palgrave.

Mickel, E.J. (1974) Marie de France. New York: Twayne.

Miller, E. (1960) War in the North: the Anglo-Scottish wars of the Middle Ages / the St. John’s College Cambridge Lecture 1959-60 delivered at the University of Hull 29th April 1960. Hull: University of Hull.

Miller, E. and Hatcher, J. (1978) Medieval England: rural society and economic change, 1086-1348. London: Longman.

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M.M., M. (1975) ‘Peter Abelard and the dignity of women: twelfth century "feminism” in theory and practice’’, in Pierre Abélard, Pierre le Vénérable: les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XIIe siècle ; [actes et mémoires du Colloque international], Abbaye de Cluny, 2 au 9 juillet 1972. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

Molho, A. et al. (1991) City states in classical antiquity and medieval Italy: Athens and Rome, Florence and Venice. Stuttgart: Steiner.

Moore, J.C. (2003) Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): to root up and to plant. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press.

Moore, R.I. (1975a) The birth of popular heresy. London: Edward Arnold.

Moore, R.I. (1975b) The birth of popular heresy. London: Edward Arnold.

Moore, R.I. (1994a) The origins of European dissent. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Moore, R.I. (1994b) The origins of European dissent. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Moore, R.I. (2007a) The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=284094.

Moore, R.I. (2007b) The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=284094.

Moore, R.I. (2007c) The formation of a persecuting society: authority and deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=284094.

Moore, R.I. (2012) The war on heresy: faith and power in medieval Europe. London: Profile.

Moore, R.I. (no date) The first European revolution, c. 970-1215. Oxford [England]: Blackwell.

Moore, R.I. and Frassetto, M. (2006) Heresy and the persecuting society in the Middle Ages: essays on the work of R.I. Moore. Leiden: Brill.

Moorman, J.R.H. (1968) A history of the Franciscan Order from its origins to the year 1517. Oxford: Clarendon.

Morgan, D. (2007) The Mongols. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.

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Morris, C. (1989b) The papal monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/0198269250.001.0001.

Morris, C. (1989c) The papal monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/0198269250.001.0001.

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Murray, A. (1978b) Reason and society in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

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Murray, A.V. and International Medieval Congress (1998) From Clermont to Jerusalem: the Crusades and Crusader societies, 1095-1500 : selected proceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 10-13 July, 1995. Turnhout: Brepols.

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Palliser, D.M. (no date) The Cambridge urban history of Britain: Vol. 1: 600-1540. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://www-cambridge-org.bris.idm.oclc.org/core/books/cambridge-urban-history-of-britain/84215EF366540656B71D2B8AB4B5C3D3.

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Paul, B. (no date) The Lais of Marie de France Study Guide’, Washington State University – Department of English. Available at: https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/10/17/the-lais-of-marie-de-france-12th-century/.

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Pedersen, O. and North, R. (1998) The First Universities: Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pegg, M.G. (2009) A most holy war: the Albigensian crusade and the battle for Christendom. New York: Oxford University Press.

Peter Abelard: Historia Calamitatum (no date). Available at: http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/abelard-histcal.asp.

Peters, E. (1980) Heresy and authority in medieval Europe: documents in translation. Philadephia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Peters, E. (1980) ‘The Waldensians’, in Heresy and authority in medieval Europe: documents in translation. Philadephia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 139–163. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fh8qt.

Peters, E. (1998a) The First Crusade: the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials. 2nd ed. Philadelphia [Pa.]: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhh0t.

Peters, E. (1998b) The First Crusade: the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials. 2nd ed. Philadelphia [Pa.]: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt3fhh0t.

Phillipp R. Schofield (1998) ‘Peasants and the Manor Court: Gossip and Litigation in a Suffolk Village at the Close of the Thirteenth Century’, Past & Present, (159), pp. 3–42. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4897947712.

Phillips, J. (1996a) Defenders of the Holy Land: relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119 - 1187. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205401.001.0001.

Phillips, J. (1996b) Defenders of the Holy Land: relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119-1187. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press.

Phillips, J. (no date) The Second Crusade: extending the frontiers of Christendom. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press.

Phillips, J. and Deus Vult : the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (Conference) (1997a) The First Crusade: origins and impact. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Phillips, J. and Deus Vult : the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (Conference) (1997b) The First Crusade: origins and impact. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Phillips, J. and Hoch, M. (2001) The Second Crusade: scope and consequences. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Phillips, J.R.S. (1998a) The medieval expansion of Europe. 2nd ed. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press.

Phillips, J.R.S. (1998b) The medieval expansion of Europe. 2nd ed. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press.

Phillips, J.R.S. (1998c) The medieval expansion of Europe. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001.

Piltz, A. (1981) The world of medieval learning. Rev. ed. Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble.

Platt, C. (1979) The English medieval town. London: Paladin.

Pohl, B. and Dudo (2015) Dudo of St Quentin’s Historia Normannorum: tradition, innovation and memory. [York]: York Medieval Press in association with The Boydell Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt9qdm20.

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Polo, M. and Cliff, N. (2016) The travels. United Kingdom: Penguin Classics.

Polo, M. and Latham, R. (1958) The travels of Marco Polo. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Post, G. (1964) ‘Parisian Masters as a Corporation, 1200-64’, in Studies in medieval legal thought: public law and the state, 1100-1322. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Postan, M.M. (1975) ‘Population’, in The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages. London: Penguin Books, pp. 30–44.

Postan, M. M. (1975a) The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages. Harmondsworth [England]: Penguin.

Postan, M. M. (1975b) The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages. London: Penguin Books.

Postan, M. M. (1975c) The medieval economy and society: an economic history of Britain in the Middle Ages. London: Penguin Books.

Potter, K.R., Davis, R.H.C., and Robert (1976) Gesta Stephani. [1st ed. reprinted]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Pounds, N.J.G. (1994a) An economic history of medieval Europe. 2nd ed. London: Longman. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315844008.

Pounds, N.J.G. (1994b) An economic history of medieval Europe. 2nd ed. London: Longman. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315844008.

Pounds, N.J.G. (1994c) An economic history of medieval Europe. 2nd ed. London: Longman. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315844008.

Pounds, N.J.G. (2013) An economic history of medieval Europe. Second edition. Oxfordshire [England]: Routledge.

Powell, J.M. (1990) Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1700455.

Powell, J.M. (1994) Innocent III: vicar of Christ or lord of the world? 2nd, expanded ed edn. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.

Powell, J.M. (ed.) (2014) Muslims Under Latin Rule, 1100-1300. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Power, D. (2006) The central Middle Ages: Europe 950-1320. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Power, E. and Postan, M.M. (1975) Medieval women. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Powers, J.F. (1988) A society organized for war: the Iberian municipal militias in the central Middle Ages, 1000-1284. Berkeley: University of California Press.

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Prabhu, M. (2003) Byzantium at War AD 600-1453. London: Fitzroy Dearborn.

Prawer, J. (1972a) The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: European colonialism in the Middle Ages. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Prawer, J. (1972b) The world of the Crusaders. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Prawer, J. (1979) Crusader institutions. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Prestwich, J.O. (1954) ‘War and Finance in the Anglo-Norman State’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3678850.

Prestwich, M. (1988a) Edward I. London: Methuen.

Prestwich, M. (1988b) Edward I. London: Methuen.

Prestwich, M. (1990a) English politics in the thirteenth century. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan.

Prestwich, M. (1990b) English politics in the thirteenth century. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.

Prestwich, M. (1990c) English politics in the thirteenth century. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.

Prestwich, M. (1990d) English politics in the thirteenth century. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.

Prestwich, M. (1991) War, politics and finance under Edward I. Aldershot: Gregg Revivals.

Prestwich, M. (2003) The three Edwards: war and state in England, 1272-1377. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Prestwich, M. (2005) Plantagenet England, 1225-1360. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=75876&entityid=https://idp.bris.ac.uk/shibboleth.

R., C. (1977) ‘Emperor Frederick I, the third crusade and the Jews’’, Viator, 8.

R. H. Hilton (1965) ‘Freedom and Villeinage in England’, Past & Present, (31), pp. 3–19. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/650099.

R. H. Hilton (1985) ‘Medieval Market Towns and Simple Commodity Production’, Past & Present, (109), pp. 3–23. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639880706.

R. R. Davies (2000) The first English empire: power and identities in the British Isles. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257249.003.0002.

R.A., B. (1981) ‘The Battle of Hastings’, in Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 3, 1980. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Rachel, G. (no date) A 12th Century love affair - OpenLearn - Open University. Available at: http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/12th-century-love-affair.

Rashdall, H. (2010) The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1: Salerno, Bologna, Paris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511722301.

Rawcliffe, C. (2006) Leprosy in medieval England. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Razi, Z. (1980) Life, marriage and death in a medieval parish: economy, society and demography in Halesowen, 1270-1400. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Razi, Z. and Smith, R.M. (1996) Medieval society and the manor court. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201908.001.0001.

Reilly, B.F. (1992) The contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.

Reilly, B.F. (1993) The Medieval Spains. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reimitz, H. (2015) History, Frankish Identity and the Framing of Western Ethnicity, 550–850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139505765.

Resnick, I.M. (2012) Marks of distinction: Christian perceptions of Jews in the high Middle Ages. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.

Reuter, T. and Nelson, J.L. (2006) Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497216.

Reuter, T. and Nelson, J.L. (no date) Medieval polities and modern mentalities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reynolds, S. (1977a) An introduction to the history of English medieval towns. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Reynolds, S. (1977b) An introduction to the history of English medieval towns. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Reynolds, Susan (1994) Fiefs and vassals: the medieval evidence reinterpreted. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=1183111.

Reynolds, S. (1994) ‘Vassalage and the Norms of Medieval Social Relations’, in Fiefs and vassals: the medieval evidence reinterpreted. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–47.

Richard, J. (1978a) The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: Vol.A. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.

Richard, J. (1978b) The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: Vol.B. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.

Richard, J. (1992) ‘Christian and King’, in Saint Louis: crusader King of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 237–256.

Richards, J. (1991) Sex, dissidence and damnation: minority groups in the Middle Ages. London: Routledge.

Ridder-Symoens, H. de (no date) A History of the university in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Riley-Smith, J. (2009) What were the crusades? 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Riley-Smith, J. (no date) The first crusade: and the idea of crusading. London: Continuum.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1973) The feudal nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. London: Macmillan.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1986a) The First Crusade and the idea of crusading. London: Athlone Press.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1986b) The First Crusade and the idea of crusading. London: Athlone Press.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1987a) The Crusades: a short history. London: Athlone.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1987b) The Crusades: a short history. London: Athlone.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1987c) The Crusades: a short history. London: Athlone.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1991a) The Atlas of the Crusades. London: Times.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1991b) The Atlas of the Crusades. London: Times.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1995a) The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1995b) The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=537613.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1995c) The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=537613.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1997a) The first crusaders, 1095-1131. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1997b) The first crusaders, 1095-1131. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (2009) What were the crusades? 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Robert of Rheims and Sweetenham (trans.), C. (2005) Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade =: Historia iherosolimitana. Aldershot: Ashgate.

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Robinson, I.S. (1990a) The papacy, 1073-1198: continuity and innovation. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press.

Robinson, I.S. (1990b) The Papacy, 1073-1198: continuity and innovation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167772.

Robinson, I.S. (2000) Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496592.

Robinson, I.S. (2004) The papal reform of the eleventh century: lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Robson, M. (2006) ‘St Francis’s Vocation to Live and Proclaim the Gospel’, in The Franciscans in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 10–21.

Rollason, D.W. (1989) Saints and relics in Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Rollason, D.W. (2004) The Durham Liber vitae and its context. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

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Rosenwein, B.H. (1989) To be the neighbor of Saint Peter: the social meaning of Cluny’s property, 909-1049. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Rosenwein, B.H. (19740501) ‘Social Meaning in the Monastic and Mendicant Spiritualities’, Past & Present [Preprint], (63). Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/5549116945.

Roskell, J.S., Davies, R.G. and Denton, J.H. (1981) The English Parliament in the Middle Ages. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

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Rouse, R.H. and Rouse, M.A. (1979) Preachers, florilegia and sermons: studies on the Manipulus florum of Thomas of Ireland. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.

Rowe, N. (2011) The Jew, the cathedral and the medieval city: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the thirteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511762413.

R.R., D. (1984) ‘Law and national identity in thirteenth-century Wales’’, in Welsh society and nationhood: historical essays presented to Glanmor Williams. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

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Russell, J.C. (1972) Medieval regions and their cities. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.

R.W., H. (1972) ‘The social significance of twelfth-century chivalric romance’’, Medievalia et humanistica [Preprint].

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S, K. (no date) Peter Abelard, 1079-1142. Available at: http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/abelard_b.html.

Sackville, L.J. (2012) Heresy and Heretics in the Thirteenth Century: The Textual Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://universitypublishingonline.org/boydell/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781846158469.

Sally Harvey (1970) ‘The Knight and the Knight’s Fee in England’, Past & Present, (49), pp. 3–43. Available at: https://bris.on.worldcat.org/oclc/4639886025.

Sapir Abulafia, A. (2014) Christian Jewish relations, 1000-1300: Jews in the service of medieval Christendom. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315835389.

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Setton, K.M. and Baldwin, M.W. (1969a) A History of the Crusades: vol. 1. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Setton, K.M. and Baldwin, M.W. (1969b) A History of the Crusades: vol. 1. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Shahar, S. (2003a) Fourth Estate: a History of Women in the Middle Ages. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Shahar, S. (2003b) The fourth estate: a history of women in the Middle Ages. Rev. ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=181941.

Shahar, S. (2003c) The fourth estate: a history of women in the Middle Ages. Rev. ed. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bristol/detail.action?docID=181941.

Shapiro, N.R. and Wadsworth, J.B. (1971) The Comedy of Eros: medieval French guides to the art of love. Urbana: University of Illinois press.

Shatzmiller, M. (1993) Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Shinners, J. (1997) ‘Chapter 9’, in Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.

Shinners, John (1997) Medieval popular religion, 1000-1500: a reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.

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Bibliography for HIST10042: The Medieval World BETA